快速阅读2 关于WTO全球贸易的高层谈判将重新启动
来自35个国家的贸易部长们星期五决定在本月重新启动高层谈判，打破僵局，争取签署一份全球性贸易协议。美国贸易代表罗恩·柯克说，全球经济危机是促使新的贸易谈判重新开始的主要因素。
世界贸易组织成员国的首席谈判代表将于9月14日起聚首日内瓦，就导致去年全球贸易谈判失败的相关议题进行讨论。
来自35个主要国家的贸易部长们在印度出席为期两天的非正式会议，并于星期五达成共识，决定重新启动世贸组织高层谈判，也就是所谓的“多哈回合”谈判。
印度商业和工业部长阿南德·夏尔马称这个决定是一个“突破”，他说，各国一致认为有必要达成新的全球贸易协议。
“这次会议有突破性的进展。假如我能这么说的话，那就意味着先前妨碍恢复谈判的僵局已经被打破。”
印度主办这次会议就是希望重新启动停摆的多哈回合贸易谈判。
多哈谈判暂停的主因是一些发展中国家担心贸易自由化会给他们国内数百万贫穷农户的生计带来负面影响，由于发达国家粮食价格低廉，这些贫穷的农户生产的粮食可能无法和从发达国家进口的粮食竞争。有关完全取消部分工业产品关税的计划也是一项有争议性的议题。
印度商业和工业部长对谈判前景表示乐观，认为协议会在明年达成。
不过，参加新德里会议的美国贸易代表罗恩·柯克警告，“艰难的任务”仍有待完成，世界贸易组织成员国之间尚未取得共识。他说，具体讨论的“重点”和“内容”才是过程中的关键，而不是设定一个最后期限。
柯克呼吁像印度和中国这样的发展中大国，其经济增长快速，应该更加开放他们的市场，实行贸易自由化。
“我们大家都有责任，特别是那些有能力为世界经济作出巨大贡献的国家，包括先进的发展中国家印度、巴西、中国和南非，我认为他们更有责任为成功完成多哈回合谈判作出一些艰难的决定。”
美国贸易代表说，全球经济危机应该会促使各国达成一个新的贸易协议，这个协议将有助于带动世界走出衰退。
不过，数千名农民在会议期间走上新德里街头要求政府放弃多哈回合，这显示发展中国家在跟发达国家达成贸易协议的过程中可能不得不面对很多政治问题。
多哈回合谈判始于2001年，目的是通过贸易自由化和刺激全球商贸来帮助数以百万计的穷人摆脱贫困。
练习答案
I.
1. Dispute settlement is the central pillar of the multilateral trading system， and the WTO’s unique contribution to the stability of the global economy. WTO’s procedure enhances the rule of law， and it makes the trading system more secure and predictable. The system is based on clearly defined rules， with timetables for completing a case. First rulings are made by a panel and endorsed (or rejected) by the WTO’s full membership. Appeals based on points of law are possible.
2. Principles that WTO follows in settling dispute are equitable， fast， effective， and mutually acceptable.
3. 1 year (without appeal)， 1 year and 3 months (with appeal)
4. The first stage for settling disputes is consultation. The second stage involves the panel. The third stage is appeals.
In any case， the Dispute Settlement Body monitors how adopted rulings are implemented. Any outstanding case remains on its agenda until the issue is resolved.
5. Officially， the panel is helping the Dispute Settlement Body make rulings or recommendations. But because the panel’s report can only be rejected by consensus in the Dispute Settlement Body， its conclusions are difficult to overturn. The panel’s findings have to be based on the agreements cited.
II. 1. g 2. e 3. j 4. h 5. d 6. b 7. c 8. f 9. i 10. a
III.
1. 解决争端是多边贸易体制的核心支柱，也是世贸组织对稳定全球经济的独特贡献。
2. 一国采用了某项贸易政策措施，或采取了某种被另一个或多个世贸组织其他成员认定为违反世贸组织协议的行动时，或者没有履行职责时，争端就出现了。
3. 如果双方商定，期限可以灵活机动。假如某案件非常紧急（如涉及易腐货物），可以尽可能地加快进程。
4. 解决争端是由全体成员组成的争端解决机构（或称之为总理事会）的职责。
5. 专家小组可以帮助争端解决机构作出裁决或者提出建议。
IV.
1. The WTO is a global organization dealing with international trade.
2. Business disputes occur frequently in international trade.
3. Along with the growth of international business and exchange， cases requiring internationalarbitration to solve dispute arising from international trade， investment， and the intellectual property are increasing.
4. Disputes between countries should be settled peacefully.
5. The WTO provides a mechanism for solving trade disputes.
V. Omitted
快速阅读1
I. 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. T
II. 1. B 2. D 3. C 4. D 5. D
快速阅读2
I.
1. Trade ministers from over 35 countries have agreed to resume high-level negotiations later to break a deadlock that has jeopardized efforts to clinch a global trade pact.
2. The chief negotiators of World Trade Organization members will meet in Geneva starting September 14 to deal with issues that brought about the collapse of global trade talks last year.
3. India hosted the meeting.
4. The main issues holding up the trade pact are worries by developing countries that liberalized trade could adversely impact the livelihood of millions of poor farmers， who may not be able to compete with cheap food imports from developed countries.
5. The Doha talks began in 2001 with the aim of liberalizing trade， and lifting millions of people out of poverty by giving a boost to global commerce.
II. 1. F 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. T
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