交替传译中的困境应对策略训练

二、交替传译技能课内练习：交替传译中的困境应对策略训练

1．传译以下短文。听录音，在停顿处开始传译。注意灵活运用交替传译中的困境应对策略。

Vocabulary

devastating　破坏性极大的，毁灭性的

on the Richter Scale　里克特震级，里氏震级，地震等级的一种数值标度，数值范围从1到10

issued the national motivation orders　发布全国动员令

the rescue and relief work　抗震救灾工作

cater the emergency needs　满足紧急需求

Earthquake in Sichuan Province of China（excerpts）

A devastating earthquake measuring 8.0 on the Richter Scale struck some areas of Sichuan Province in southwestern China in the afternoon of May 12th，2008．Heavy casualties and serious property losses have been reported．Until 14：00 May 19th，the death toll rose to 34，073；over 245，108 people were injured and more than ten million people were directly affected．More than one thousand aftershocks followed and are following．The transportation and communication in the affected areas have been cut off for several days．//

As soon as the earthquake struck，the Chinese Government carried out prompt，transparent and effective rescue operations．//

In 18 minutes after the shock，President Hu Jintao issued the national motivation orders to the central government，local governments at all levels，the armed forces and the police forces and called urgent meetings to give top priority to the rescue and relief work．//

In less than 2 hours，Premier Wen Jiabao，together with a group of the cabinet ministers，was on board of an airplane on his way to the affected region．//Countless experts，rescue teams and ordinary volunteers from all over the country，including Taiwan，Hong Kong，also joined in the rescue work．Fundraisings and blooddonation campaigns across the country and abroad are being carried out and billions of US dollars have been raised．The staff members of my embassy and the Chinese communities in Kenya have also raised，so far，more than 100，000 USD．//

During this period，China，from ordinary people to top leaders，from aged to youngsters，men and women，from the shock-hit areas to Beijing，Hong Kong，Taiwan and Tibet，from the government to the civil society，the whole nation spelled out their fortitude，solidarity and love．A lot of touching and impressive stories were revealed and reported there．//Airborne troops made parachute jumps to the affected area even when there were rainstorms；soldiers who had continuously worked sleeplessly for several days still cried out saying“Let me save one more”，while the aftershocks were still going on；the local civil servants left their families，who were also in dangers，to carry out their official duties；teachers pushed their students out of the collapsing buildings while they themselves were kept there forever；parents used their bodies to shelf their kids but they themselves were hit to death；citizens through out China queued in the streets to donate blood and adopt the children who lost their parents；businessmen made great amount of donation and sold their goods below the costs so as to cater the emergency needs；factory employees worked run the clock to produce enough medicines and other necessary rescue stuffs．//

China has also received strong supports from the international communities．Leaders and people from various countries including Kenya expressed their sympathies，condolence and all their solidarity with the Chinese people．More than 200 foreign professional rescuers with specialized equipments from Japan，Russia，Korea and Singapore are in Sichuan to help with rescue and relief．Many other countries and international organizations have also made cash and material donation to China．//

2．传译以下短文。听录音，在停顿处开始传译。注意灵活运用交替传译中的困境应对策略。

Vocabulary

Silicon Valley　硅谷

preeminence of the US prototype　美国硅谷的领先地位

the sine qua non　不可或缺

start-ups　新创企业

esprit de corps　齐心合力的团队精神

Apple's Jobs and Wozniak　苹果电脑公司创始人，Steve Jobs和Steven Wozniak

What Makes Silicon Valley So Successful and Unique（excerpts）

Many countries have，or are in the process of creating，their own“Silicon Valley．”So far，none has as yet threatened the preeminence of the US prototype．What makes Silicon Valley such a unique entity？There are several crucial factors．//

First and foremost，it has the largest concentration of brilliant computer professionals and the best supporting services in the world，and easy access to worldclass research institutions，like Stanford University，which continually nurtures would-be geniuses which the industry needs in order to move forward．Without these advantages，the Valley would be a different place．//

Secondly，it actively encourages，or even exalts，risk-taking．Hence，failure holds no terror and there is no stigma attached to a failed effort．On the contrary，they will try even harder next time round．Such never-say-die approach is the sine qua non for the ultimate triumph in entrepreneurship and technological breakthrough．//

A third decisive factor is the vital role of venture capitalists who willingly support promising start-ups with urgently needed initial capital to get them started．Some would even give failed entrepreneurs a second chance if convinced that a fresh concept might lead to eventual success．//

The Valley's professionals are among the most hardworking people anywhere．A 15-hour day and 7-day week is not uncommon，especially during the start-up stage．They would give up social life，and curtail their family life too，in order to pursue the pot of gold at the end of the rainbow．It is this single minded pursuit of excellence，supported by strong ethos of team work and esprit de corps，that sustain them until their mission is accomplished．//

Paper qualifications，though useful，is not a be all and end all．More weight is given to a candidate's proven abilities and aptitude for the job．This is amply demonstrated by industry icons like Apple's Jobs and Wozniak and Microsoft's Gates，all college dropouts who might not have emerged in a qualification-conscious community．//

难点分析

译员在具体的交替传译实践中无论准备得如何充分，总有可能遭遇一些意想不到的情况，因此掌握必要的交替传译中的困境应对策略对译员的工作是有帮助的。以第二篇短文“What Makes Silicon Valley So Successful and Unique”为例，在具体的传译过程中，如果译员听到一个不熟悉的词汇（比如“Apple's Jobs and Wozniak”），不要慌张，仔细听讲话人的发言，充分利用上下文语境猜测该词的意义。如果译员一时找不到相对应的目标语词，可用解释或转述策略传递源语信息。比如译员如果不清楚怎么用中文表述“Apple's Jobs and Wozniak”，可根据上下文猜测是指一家电脑公司的创始人，与微软公司的Bill Gates齐名，因此可将“like Apple's Jobs and Wozniak and Microsoft's Gates”翻译成“就像微软公司的盖茨和另一家著名电脑公司的创始人一样”。除了解释和转述策略以外，还可采用其他应对交替传译中的困境的策略，比如，询问讲话人、适当延迟传译、分段策略等，译员须根据具体情况采用具体应对策略进行处理，顺利完成口译任务。