二、“变体被动句”的直译
汉语里表示被动但是又没有采用“被”字的表现方式称为“变体被动句”，也就是本节开头所说的类似“被”字的代替词语。这些表示被动意义的标志性词语主要有“挨”、“给”、“让”、“叫”、“使”、“由”、“受”、“为”、“遭”等单字类常用词，“得到”、“得以”、“加以”、“使得”、“受到”、“有待”、“誉为”、“予以”、“遭到”等词组，以及“为……所……”、“以……而……”等短语。
汉译英过程中遇到这些词和词组中的任何一个，都要视同“被”字句，以“be done by”的形式把被动的意义明确地表现出来。当然，有时会有一些例外，但本书定位在解决大多数翻译问题，无意于纠缠某些“研究”课题。例如：
例4 这次软件测试得到了评估委员会全票通过。
A. This time the test of the software was unanimously passed by the assessment committee.
例5 这样的股票价格容易受到操纵，且共同基金也不会买入。
D1. The stock price is easily controlled, and mutual funds will not be bought.
D2. This kind of shares’ price is easily controlled, and mutual funds won’t buy in them.
C. The price of such shares is easily controlled, and the mutual funds won’t buy them.
A1. Such stock prices are easily controlled; the mutual funds won’t invest in them, anyway.
A2. Mutual funds will not buy stocks at such stock prices, which can be easily manipulated.
例6 该计划将由李副经理和一位熟悉西方管理的新博士拟定。
D. The plan will be formulated by Li and another new doctor who acquaints with western management principles.
A1. The plan will be made /written /created /drafted by Mr. Li, Deputy Manager, and Mr./Ms. XX, a PhD who is a new recruit but learned /knowledgeable in western management theories.
A2. Mr. Li, the deputy manager, … theories, will be writing /creating the draft of the plan.
例7 西方的大公司模式一向显得灵活而耐久，为中国企业家所羡慕。
B. The model of big Western firms has shown its flexibility and durability, and has been envied by Chinese entrepreneurs.
A. The models of big Western firms have shown their flexibility and durability, which have been the envy of Chinese entrepreneurs.
例8 世界上最大的摩天观景轮是新加坡的摩天观景轮，为大飞轮公司所有。
D. Singapore Flyer, which is owned by Great Flywheel Company, is the largest Observation Wheel in the world.
C. The world’s biggest observation Ferris wheel, which is owned by the Great Wheel Corporation, is in Singapore.
译文C中的Great Wheel Corporation一度参与过该项目，但现在的所有者不是它。
A1. Singapore Flyer, the world’s largest observation wheel, is owned by Singapore Flyer Pte Ltd.
A2. Singapore Flyer, (which is) owned by Singapore Flyer Pte Ltd, is the world’s largest observation wheel.
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