农业与农村类新闻

7.7　农业与农村类新闻

我国是农业大国，“三农”问题近年来得到了党和政府的高度重视。因此，关于“三农”的新闻报道相当多，除了春耕夏收等农业生产中的老话题外，近年来的重点话题包括农村劳动力转移、外向型农业、高科技农业、无公害农产品、农村医疗合作社、农民增收、社会主义新农村建设等。题材多，范围广，再加上我国特有的农村现象，因此在翻译此类新闻稿件时有较大难度，总的原则是在抓住主要事实和主要信息的前提下，在编译的基础上，尽可能减少中式英语的痕迹，尽可能使我国农业、农村和农民的积极向上形象和新农村建设的成就被国外受众所理解。“三农”类新闻报道的特点之一是对某个村庄的情况进行细节描写，这时候译者不可轻易将其忽略或者进行过度概括，而是应该尽可能保持其细节特点。因为新闻报道中的细节起着十分重要的作用，没有了细节的支撑，整个报道就会显得苍白无力。这种新闻报道其实是新闻特写的风格，对细节的描绘有助于勾勒新闻报道的情节，帮助受众获得对新闻事件的感性认识。

在语言风格上，此类新闻报道中数字和百分比较多，其翻译处理原则可参照上文所述，至于一些综述类稿件，其翻译原则是尽可能具体化和事实化，减少内容空洞的词语堆砌。平时多阅读我国主流外语媒体的同类新闻报道乃是提高翻译质量的一个有效办法。由于电视新闻报道的特点就是配音、同期声和记者出镜交替出现，造成信息趋于分散，如果同期声和记者出镜报头不需翻译，这时候就需要译者对相关内容进行整合，以便使译文通顺流畅。

农村类新闻报道翻译时的部分有用词汇:

1)乡镇企业township and village enterprise

2)农业总产值gross output value of agriculture

3)完善家庭联产承包责任制improve the household contract responsibility system with remuneration linked to output

4)承包耕地contract land

5)科技兴农promote agriculture by applying scientific and technological advances

6)土地使用权有偿转让compensated transfer of land-use rights

7)集约经营intensive farming cultivation

8)粗放经营extensive farming cultivation

9)开发性农业development-oriented agriculture

10)继承开发性生产项目的承包经营权inherit contracts for management of explorative projects

11)三高农业(高产、高质、高效)high-yield，high-quality and highreturn agriculture

12)贸工农一体化经营integrated operations of trade，industry and agriculture

13)家庭副业family side-line business

14)离土不离乡leave the farmland but not one's hometown;shift from farming to other trades within the rural area

15)粮食专项储备制度system of storing food grain for unforeseen needs

16)农田水利基本建设irrigation and water conservancy projects

17)水土保持water and soil conservation

18)水土流失water and soil erosion

新闻报道翻译实例一

江苏:文化德政让和谐文化润泽城乡

【口导】为有效缩短城乡之间在公共文化产品和服务方面的差距，近年来，江苏各地各部门不断实施“文化德政”工程，加快建立和完善公共文化服务体系，在为百姓提供更多更好精神文化产品的同时，也为建设和谐文化、促进社会和谐打下了良好基础。

【配音】2007年元宵节这天，地处江苏最西北的农业大县丰县梁饭棚村村民在家门口看上了镇电影队免费送来的数字电影。清晰的画面以及6个立体音响营造出的视听效果，让大伙开了眼界。而在最偏远的宋楼镇南李大楼村，农民唐怀海不仅看上了期盼已久的有线电视，还开始借助年前刚刚开通的宽带互联网，做起了网上营销水果的交易。仅春节前一个星期就销出早熟苹果15万公斤。

【同期】丰县宋楼镇南李大楼村×××

通过政府的投入，有线电视、宽带走进农村，的确是改变了我们的生活方式，满足了我们的文化需求，特别是像我这样的年轻人可以说是从麻将桌上被拉到了电脑前，不仅可以在网上做生意，还能学到一些生产技能。

【配音】在江苏，去年以来，像丰县人民一样享受到有线电视、宽带互联网和免费数字电影的农户新增了50多万户，覆盖了全省80%左右的农村地区。各地纷纷对“送科普书籍、送戏、送电影”下乡和农村“有线电视进村入户”工程加大了推进力度，省、市、县三级财政补贴及配套投入达到了4个亿。在政策资金的有力保障下，乡村影院更新改造快速推进，农村电影市场开始回暖。一些多年不见而农民又喜闻乐见的评书、坠子、扬琴、花船等艺术形式又重新活跃在城乡。而由宣传部门专款支持的农民书屋、流动图书车、流动文化船、“文艺大篷车”、广场演出和节庆活动等也深受群众的喜爱。

【同期】丰县县委书记×××

农村地区的群众同样有强烈的精神文化需求，渴望“口袋”、“脑袋”一齐富起来。因此，即便像丰县这样还并不富裕的农业大县每年也投入几百万元，目的就是要让和谐文化之风吹遍城乡大地。

【配音】如今，针对部分地区农村文化阵地萎缩这一现象，一场旨在率先完善农村现有公共文化服务体系的“文化站建设”浪潮正在江苏各地蓬勃兴起。截至目前，全省已完成新建乡镇文化站216个，各级政府为此投入1.7亿元。根据“十一五”蓝图，全省将用五年时间实现有线电视村村通和村村有文化活动室。而随着江苏广电城、南京图书馆新馆以及各地一批博物馆、图书馆、体育馆等标志性文化建筑的相继开工、落成，一个覆盖全省、惠及全民的公共文化服务网络正日臻完善。

Cultural progress benefits Jiangsu rural people

Social and cultural establishments in East China's Jiangsu Province have witnessed rapid growth in recent years，thanks to the efforts and policies the provincial government has made to stimulate the ethical and cultural progress to contribute to the overall development of a harmonious society．

Two weeks ago in Northwest Jiangsu's Liangfanpeng Village，the villagers were enjoying an open show of digital movie that was provided by the movie screening team of the town，which is located in Fengxian，a county in Northwest Jiangsu．The clear-cut footage as well as the six sound tracks produced very good sound effect，making the villagers thrilled to their utmost．In the nearby village of South Lidalou，Tang Huaihai，a local farmer，was excited to watch cable TV at home for the first time．Tang had something more to feel satisfied．He was connected to broadband Internet service，enabling him to do fruit trade and other businesses without leaving home．In the week before the Spring Festival，he sold 150，000 kg of early apple online．

More and more farmers in Jiangsu Province are enjoying the benefits brought about by cultural progress．In 2006，an additional 500，000 farming households were accessible to cable TV，broadband Internet service and free digital movie．Such cultural establishments are now available to 80%of the entire farming households in the province．Governments at the provincial，city and county levels have earmarked a total of 400 million yuan subsidies to make sure that social and cultural establishments in rural Jiangsu are ready and handy．Backed up by the strong financial assistance，township cinemas and rural movie shows have witnessed a remarkable rebound，compared with what were the case years ago．Local performing troupes are visiting villages to entertain the farmers in various forms．

With effective measures and favorable polices，216 township cultural stations had been set up across the province by the end of last year．The money spent in this regard amounted to 170 million yuan．In the next five years，the province will make sure that all the villages in the province have access to cable TV and each village has its own cultural center．New museums，new libraries and new stadiums are expected to spring up to boom the cultural sector and contribute to the harmonious development of the province．

新闻报道翻译实例二

一季度我省农民现金收入同比增长14.8%

【口导】记者今天从江苏调查总队获悉，今年以来我省农民收入继续呈现快速增长态势。前三月，全省农民人均现金收入2 584元，比去年同期增长14.8%。工资、家庭经营和财产转移性收入成为拉动增长的显著亮点。

【配音】调查显示:一季度，江苏农民工资性收入增长较快，本地务工收入贡献明显，全省农民人均工资性收入1 603元，增长15.1%。其中本地务工收入增长了16.6%，其增加额占工资性收入增加额的59.0%;今年一季度，江苏农民在外出打工人数继续保持一定程度增长的同时，外出就业劳动力素质明显提高，由此带来的外出务工收入同比增长12.2%，增长较快。数据表明，一季度我省农民外出就有60.6%的劳动力受过专业培训，较上年同期增加了6.2个百分点。与此同时，外出务工工资水平有所增加，熟练工工资更高，增长幅度更大。

前三月，我省农民家庭经营性收入稳步增长，人均家庭经营收入同比增长13.8%。其中“一产”增长9.5%，“二产”增长19.5%，“三产”增长了16.5%，二三产业增收额占家庭经营收入增加额的66%。牧业产品价格大幅上涨推动农民“一产”收入明显提高。一季度，江苏牧业产品价格延续去年下半年强劲反转势头，与去年一季度的低谷价位相比涨幅高达18.0%，其中生猪价格同比上涨22.1%，肉禽、禽蛋价格同比上涨7.2%和14.0%，带动了农民牧业产品出售收入回升的局面。

此外，农民财产性和转移性收入较快增长，同比增长16.8%。受宏观经济大环境及农民多年收入较快增长的影响，农民生活改善后相关消费上升也带动了农村家庭经营建筑业、交通运输业以及批零贸易餐饮业等行业的加快发展，农民从家庭经营非农产业中得到的收入明显增加。江苏部分地区，特别是城市周边地区，除了从外出务工、乡镇企业和种植养殖、家庭工业等方式获得收入以外，一些富裕起来的农民利用现有土地、房屋、资金等从事非生产性投资获得的财产性收入成为都市周边农民增收的新亮点。

Jiangsu farmers see steady income rise in Qtr.1

Farmers in East China's Jiangsu Province have seen a sustained and fast growth in their income．During the first quarter of 2007，per capita income of the province's farmers reported 2，584 yuan，up by 14.8%year-on-year．Key indexes such as wages and other types of earnings grow continuously at the same time．

Sources said Jiangsu farmers'per capita income jumped by 15.1%in the first quarter to 1，603 yuan，of which farmers employed in local enterprises reported an increase of 16.6%，topping 59.0%of the total increased value．Besides，the farmers hired out of their hometowns have seen a boom both in quantity and quality．As a result，the total income rose by 12.2%at the same time，also contributing a lot to the total increased value．60.6%of the province's migrant workers have received specialized training，up by 6.2 percent on a yearly basis．Meanwhile，the wage level of migrant workers has also increased，of which the experienced workers'wage is higher．

In the first quarter，rural areas across Jiangsu saw a steady growth in per capita family income from businesses，up by 13.8%year on year．Among them，incomes from the primary industry，referring to agriculture，grew by 9.5%，those from the secondary industry，namely，the processing industry，by 19.5%，and earnings from the tertiary industry，that is，the service sector，by 16.5%．The secondary and tertiary industries accounted for 66%of the increased family incomes．An obvious increase in prices of livestock products boosted up the whole primary industry．Since the later half of 2006，the prices of livestock commodities have been rising by 18.0%in the first quarter，compared with the same period of last year when the prices dropped to a bottom．Of them，the pork price went up by 22.1%，and prices for poultry and the eggs by 7.2%and 14.0%respectively．

In addition，Jiangsu farmers saw moderate income rise from their properties and non-farming trades，up by 16.8%on an annual basis．The national economic boom also spurred the development of such non-farming trades as household-run building business，transportation，retailing and catering businesses．Besides，the farmers also obtained earnings from their non-productive investment in their properties．

新闻报道翻译实例三

我省农村劳动力转移出现新特点

【口导】来自省统计部门的最新资料显示，2007年我省农村劳动力转移呈现出“就地转移步伐加快”、“返乡创业猛增”等新特点。

【配音】截至2007年底，全省农村劳动力累计转移人数达1 660.85万人，其中新增转移52.04万人。与往年相比呈现三个特点:一是就地转移速度加快，劳务输出放缓。2007年就地转移总量达到833.96万人，较年初增长2.6%。二是三大区域亮点纷呈。苏南在就地转移为主、异地转移为辅的大格局下，劳动力由低层次向高层次、由农村向城市和国外转移的步伐加快。苏中露“拐点”，新增转移中就地转移占55.2%，超过了异地转移。苏北出现就地转移和劳务输出比翼双飞的局面，新增转移劳动力中，就地转移达到33.6%，较上年提高8.6个百分点。三是返乡创业发展势头较好。2007年全省返乡创业人数达到2.85万人，比上年增加0.16万人，创办各类企业9 029个。

More farmers choose to make fortune in their hometowns

More and more farmers in East China's Jiangsu Province were choosing to make their fortune in their hometowns in 2007 rather than heading out for jobs in faraway cities，as was indicated by the figures released by the provincial statistics authority recently．

Around 17 million rural laborers provincewide were channeled to nonagricultural sectors by the end of 2007，half a million more over the previous year．

More surplus labors in the countryside were transferred to local industrial enterprises while the speed of labor services export slowed down．In 2007，over 8 million rural laborers got employed in local non-agricultural sectors，up 2.6 percent year on year．

South Jiangsu，the economic powerhouse of the province，showed unique characteristics in its labor transfer last year．Labor resources in this region rapidly flew from rural to urban and foreign areas，and meanwhile，from low to high levels．Central Jiangsu saw more laborers transferring to local businesses than to firms in other provinces in 2007．The northern region，however，reported a good momentum of growth in both local transfer and labor services export．33.6 percent of all the laborers transferred found jobs in local enterprises last year，up 8.6 percent from 2006．

In addition，statistics indicate a total of 28，500 people returned home starting up businesses in Jiangsu during 2007，a gain of 1，600 on a yearly basis．Over 9，000 enterprises were set up provincewide．