【题目】
Benjamin West, the father of American painting, showed histalent for art when he was only six years of age. But he did not know aboutbrushes before a visitor told him he needed one. In those days , a brush wasmade from camel’s hair. There were no camels nearby. Benjamin decided that cathair would work instead. He cut some fur from the family cat to make a brush.
The brush did not last long. Soon Benjamin needed morefur. Before long, the catbegan to look ragged （蓬乱）. His father saidthat the cat must be sick. Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing.
The cat’s lotwas about to improve. That year, one of Benjamin’s cousins,Mr.Pennington, came to visit. He was impressed with Benjamin’s drawings. Whenhe went home, he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes. He also sentsix engravings （版画）by an artist. These were the firstpictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen. In 1747，when Benjamin was nine years old，Mr.Penningtonretured for another visit .He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with hisgift.He asked Benjamin’s parents if hemight take the boy to Philadelphia for a visit.
In the city, Mr.Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creatingoil paintings.The boy began a landscape (风景) painting.Wiliams,a well-known painter,came to see him work . Wiliams was impressed withBenjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home .The bookswere long and dull. Benjamin could read only a little,having been a poorstudent.But he later said,”Those two books were my companions by day,and undermy pillow at night.”While it is likely that he understood very little of thebooks,they were his introduction to classical paintings.The nine-year-old boydecided then that he would be an artist.
21. What is the text mainly about?
A. Benjamin’s visit to Philadelphia.
B. Williams’ influence on Benjamin.
C. The beginning of Benjamin’s life as an artist.
D. The friendship between Benjamin and Pennington.
22. What does the underlined sentencein paragraph 3 suggest?
A. The cat would be closely watched.
B. The cat would get some medical care.
C. Benjamin would leave his home shortly.
D. Benjamin would have real brushes soon.
23. What did Pennington do to helpBenjamin develop his talent?
A. He took him to see painting exhibitions.
B. He provided him with painting materials.
C. He sent him to a school in Philadelphia.
D. He taught him how to make engravings.
24. Williams’ two books helped Benjaminto ________.
A. master the use of paints
B. appreciate landscape paintings
C. get to know other painters
D. make up his mind to be a painter
【文章大意】本文属于记叙文，主要讲了美国绘画之父Benjaming在决定要成为一名画家之前的经历。
【答案】C；D；B；D
【解析】
21. 中心思想题。文章主要介绍了美国绘画之父Benjamin在决定要成为一名画家之前的生活经历，故选C。
22. 推理判断题。此句是第三段的首句，所以可根据第三段的大意来推断这句话想要告诉我们什么，这段主要讲了Benjamin的一个表哥由于被Benjamin的绘画才能所打动，所以就送给他一些颜料和一些真正的画笔，所以划线句“猫的境地将要得到改善”是表明Benjamin很快有了真正的画笔，所以不用剪猫的毛来做画笔了，故选D
23. 细节理解题，根据最后一段“Mr.Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings”, 可知Pennington为了帮助Benjamin培养绘画天赋，给他提供了一些绘画材料，故选B.
24. 细节理解题，根据最后一段“Whileit is likely that he understood very little of the books, they were hisintroduction to classical paintings. The nine-year-old boy decided then that hewould be an artist, 可知：这两本书帮助Benjamin坚定了自己成为一名画家的决心，故选D.
【名师点睛】
本文后两个小题考查了细节题。在完成细节题时，要特别注意排除干扰项。如中的D项“He taught him how to make engravings”属于“偷梁换柱”类干扰项，根据第三段第五句“He also sent six engravings by an artist”可知“这些版画是Pennington送给Benjamin的”，并非是Pennington教Benjamin如何画版画，说明D项明显错误。
干扰项的设置方法通常有以下几种方式：
1. 张冠李戴。命题者把文章作者的观点与他人的观点混淆起来，题干问的是作者的观点，选项中出现的却是他人的观点；或者题干问的是他人的观点，却把作者的观点放到选项中去。
2. 偷梁换柱。干扰项用了与原文相似的句型结构和大部分相似的词汇，却在不易引人注意的地方换了几个词汇，造成句意的改变。
3. 无中生有。干扰项往往是生活的基本常识和普遍接受的观点，但在原文中并无相关的信息支持点，这种选项的设置往往与问题的设问毫不相干。
4. 以偏概全。考生在做猜测文章中心思想、给文章添加标题或判断推理题时，往往会犯以偏概全的错误。产生这类错误的原因是考生受思维定势的影响或考虑不周，以局部代替整体。其具体表现为合理关联与不合理关联、准确概括与不准确概括之间的错位。不合理关联就是表层理解与深层理解相混淆。表层理解是对文章中客观事实的感知和记忆，往往是文章直接表述的结论；深层理解则是对文章中的客观事实进行逻辑推理、总结或概括后得出的结论。不准确概括是指不能准确地按题目要求概括或提取文中的表层或深层信息。
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