注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minute to write a short essay onthe topic of students selecting their lectures. You should write at least 120words following the outline given bellow:
2. 学生选择教师时所考虑的主要因素
3. 学生自选任课教师的益处和可能产生的问题
On Students Selecting Lecturers
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minute to go over the passage quicklyand answer the questions on Answer Sheet1.
For questions 1-7,mark
Y (for YES) ifthe statement agrees with the information given in the passage;
N (for NO) ifstatement contradicts the information given in the passage;
NG (for NOT GIVEN) ifthe information is not given in the passage.
For question 8-10,complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Highways
Early in the 20th century, most of thestreets and roads in the U.S. were made of dirt, brick, and cedar wood blocks. Builtfor horse, carriage, and foot traffic, they were usually poorly cared for andtoo narrow to accommodate (容纳) automobiles.
With the increase in auto production, privateturnpike (收费公路) companies under localauthorities began to spring up, and by 1921 there were 387,000 miles of pavedroads. Many were built using specifications of 19th century Scottish engineersThomas Telford and John MacAdam (for whom the macadam surface is named), whosespecifications stressed the importance of adequate drainage. Beyond that, therewere no national standards for size, weight restrictions, or commercial signs. DuringWorld War I, roads throughout the country were nearly destroyed by the weightof trucks. When General Eisenhower returned from Germany in 1919, after servingin the U.S. army’s first transcontinental motor convoy (车队), he noted: “The old convoy had started me thinking about good,two-lane highways, but Germany’s Autobahn or motorway had made me see thewisdom of broader ribbons across the land.”
It would take another war before the federalgovernment would act on a national highway system. During World War II, atremendous increase in trucks and new roads were required. The war demonstratedhow critical highways were to the defense effort. Thirteen per cent of defenseplants received all their supplies by truck, and almost all other plantsshipped more than half of their products by vehicle. The war also revealed thatlocal control of highways had led to a confusing variety of design standards. Evenfederal and state highways did not follow basic standards. Some states allowedtrucks up to 36,000 pounds, while others restricted anything over 7,000 pounds.
A government study recommended a nationalhighway system of 33,920 miles, and congress soon passed the Federal-AidHighway Act of 1944, which called for strict, centrally controlled designcriteria.
The interstate highway system was finallylaunched in 1956 and has been hailed as one of the greatest public worksprojects of the century. To build its 44,000-mile web of highways, bridge, andtunnels, hundreds of unique engineering designs and solutions had to be workedout. Consider the many geographic features of the country: mountains, steepgrades, wetlands, rivers, deserts and plains. Variables included the slope ofthe land, the ability of the pavement to support the load, the intensity ofroad use, and the nature of the underlying soil. Urban areas were anotherproblem. Innovative designs of roadways, tunnels, bridges, overpasses, andinterchanges that could run through or bypass urban areas soon began to weavetheir way across the country, forever altering the face of America.
Today, the interstate system links everymajor city in the U.S., and the U.S. with Canada and Mexico. Built with safetyin mind, the highways have wide lanes and shoulders, dividing medians, orbarriers, long entry and exit lanes, curves engineered for safe turns, andlimited access. The death rate on highways is half that of all other U.S. roads(0.86 deaths per 100 million passenger miles compared to 1.99 deaths per 100million on all other roads).
By opening the North American continent,highways have enabled consumer goods and services to reach people in remote andrural areas of the country, spurred the growth of suburbs, and provided peoplewith greater options in term of jobs, access to cultural programs, health care,and other benefits. Above all, the interstate system provides individuals withwhat they cherish most: personal freedom of mobility.
The interstate system has been an essentialelement of the nation’s economic growth in terms of shipping and job creation:more than 75 percent of the nation’s freight deliveries arrive by truck; andmost products that arrive by rail or air use interstates for the last leg ofthe journey by vehicle. Not only has the highway system affected the Americaneconomy by providing shipping routes, it has led to the growth of spin-offindustries like service stations, motels, restaurants, and shopping centers. Ithas allowed the relocation of manufacturing plants and other industries fromurban areas to rural.
By the end of the century there was animmense network of paved roads, residential streets, expressways, and freewaysbuilt to support millions of vehicles. The highway system was officiallyrenamed for Eisenhower to honor his vision and leadership. The yearconstruction began he said: “Together, the united forces of our communicationand transportation systems are dynamic elements in the very name we bear—UnitedStates. Without them, we would be a mere alliance of many separate parts.”
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
1. Nationalstandards for paved roads were in place by 1921.
2. GeneralEisenhower felt that the broad German motorways made more sense than thetwo-lane highways of America.
3. It was inthe 1950s that the American government finally took action to build a nationalhighway system.
4. Many of the problems presented by the country’s geographicalfeatures found solutions in innovative engineering projects.
5. In spite of safety considerations, the death rate on interstatehighways is still higher than that of other American roads.
6. Theinterstate highway system provides access between major military installationsin America.
7. Servicestations, motels and restaurants promoted the development of the interstatehighway system.
[附：答题卡1]
1. [Y] [N][NG]
2. [Y] [N][NG]
3. [Y] [N][NG]
4. [Y] [N][NG]
5. [Y] [N][NG]
6. [Y] [N][NG]
7. [Y] [N][NG]
8-10题请见答题卡1
[附：答题卡1]
8. Thegreatest benefit brought about by the interstate system was ________.
9. Trucksusing the interstate highways deliver more than ________.
10. Theinterstate system was renamed after Eisenhower in recognition of ________.
Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations.At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about whatwas said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read thefour choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer,then mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line though the centre.
注意：此部分答题在答题卡2上作答。
11. A) Thegirls got on well with each other.
B) It’s understandable that girls don’tget along.
C) She was angry with the other youngstars.
D) The girls lacked the courage to fight.
12. A) Thewoman does her own housework.
B) The woman needs a housekeeper.
C) The woman’s house is in a mess.
D) The woman works as a housekeeper.
13. A) TheEdwards are quite well-off.
B) The Edwards should cut down on theirliving expenses.
C) It’ll be unwise for the Edwards to buyanother house.
D) It’s too expensive for the Edwards tolive in their present house.
14. A) Thewoman didn’t expect it to be so warm at noon.
B) The woman is sensitive to weatherchanges.
C) The weather forecast was unreliable.
D) The weather turned cold all of asudden.
15. A) At aclinic.
B) In a supermarket.
C) At a restaurant.
D) In an ice cream shop.
16. A) Thewoman did not feel any danger growing up in the Bronx.
B) The man thinks it was quite safeliving in the Bronx district.
C) The woman started working at an earlyage to support her family.
D) The man doesn’t think it safe to sendan 8-year-old to buy things.
17. A) The manhas never seen the woman before.
B) The two speakers work for the samecompany.
C) The two speakers work on the samefloor.
D) The woman is interested in marketresearch.
18. A) Thewoman can’t tolerate any noise.
B) The man is looking for an apartment.
C) The man has missed his appointment.
D) The woman is going to take a traintrip.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on theconversation you have just heard.
19. A) To makea business report to the woman.
B) To be interviewed for a job in thewoman’s company.
C) To resign from his position in thewoman’s company.
D) To exchange stock market informationwith the woman.
20. A) He ishead of a small trading company.
B) He works in an international insurancecompany.
C) He leads a team of brokers in a bigcompany.
D) He is a public relations officer in asmall company.
21. A) Thewoman thinks Mr. Saunders is asking for more than they can offer.
B) Mr. Saunders will share one third ofthe woman’s responsibilities.
C) Mr. Saunders believes that he deservesmore paid vacations.
D) The woman seems to be satisfied withMr. Saunders’ past experience.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on theconversation you have just heard.
22. A) She’sworried about the seminar.
B) The man keeps interrupting her.
C) She finds it too hard.
D) She lacks interest in it.
23. A) Thelecturers are boring.
B) The course is poorly designed.
C) She prefers Philosophy to English.
D) She enjoys literature more.
24. A) Karen’sfriend.
B) Karen’s parents.
C) Karen’s lecturers.
D) Karen’s herself.
25. A)Changing her major.
B) Spending less of her parents’ money.
C) Getting transferred to the EnglishDepartment.
D) Leaving the university.
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of eachpassage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions willbe spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answerfrom the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the correspondingletter on the Answer Sheet 2 with asingle line through the centre.
注意: 此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答.
Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passageyou have just heard.
26. A) Rent agrave.
B) Burn the body.
C) Bury the dead near a church.
D) Buy a piece of land for a grave.
27. A) Tosolve the problem of lack of land.
B) To see whether they have decayed.
C) To follow the Greek religiouspractice.
D) To move them to a multi-storeygraveyard.
28. A) Theyshould be buried lying down.
B) They should be buried standing up.
C) They should be buried after beingwashed.
D) They should be buried when partiallydecayed.
29. A) Burningdead bodies to ashes.
B) Storing dead bodies in a remote place.
C) Placing dead bodies in a bone room.
D) Digging up dead bodies after threeyears.
Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passageyou have just heard.
30. A) Manyforeign tourist visit the Unite States every year.
B) Americans enjoy eating out with theirfriends.
C) The United States is a country ofimmigrants.
D) Americans prefer foreign foods totheir own food.
31. A) Theycan make friends with people from other countries.
B) They can get to know people of othercultures and their lifestyles.
C) They can practise speaking foreignlanguages there.
D) They can meet with businessmen fromall over the world.
32. A) Thecouple cook the dishes and the children help them.
B) The husband does the cooking and thewife serves as the waitress.
C) The mother does the cooking while thefather and children serving the guests.
D) A hired cook prepares the dishes andthe family members serve the guests.
Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passageyou have just heard.
33. A) He tookthem to watch a basketball game.
B) He trained them to play Europeanfootball.
C) He let them compete in getting ballsout of a basket.
D) He taught them to play an exciting newgame.
34. A) Theplayers found the basket too high to reach.
B) The players had trouble getting theball out of the basket.
C) The players had difficultyunderstanding the complex rules.
D) The players soon found the gameboring.
35. A) Byremoving the bottom of the basket.
B) By lowering the position of thebasket.
C) By simplifying the complex rules.
D) By altering the size of the basket.
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When thepassage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its generalidea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill inthe blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. Forblanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missinginformation. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have justheard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when thepassage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
注意：此部分试题在答题卡2上；请在答题卡2上作答。
For Americans, time is money. They say, “youonly get so much time in this life; you’d better use it wisely.” The (36)________ will not be better than the past or present, as American are (37)________ to see things, unless people use their time for constructive activity.Thus Americans (38) ________ a “well-organized” person, one who has a writtenlist of thins to do and a (39) ________ for doing them. The ideal person ispunctual and is (40) ________ of other people’s time. They do not (41) ________people’s time with conversation or other activity that has no (42) ________beneficial outcome.
The American attitude toward time is not (43)________ shared by others, especially non-Europeans. They are more likely toregard time as (44) ________________________________. One of the more difficultthings many students must adjust to in the states is the notion that time mustbe saved whenever possible and used wisely every day.
In the contest (45)________________________________, McDonald’s, KFC, and other fast foodestablishments are successful in a country where many people want to spend theleast amount of time preparing and eating meals. As McDonald’s restaurants (46)________________________________, bringing not just hamburgers but an emphasison speed, efficiency, and shiny cleanliness.
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You arerequired to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in aword bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully beforemaking your choices. Each choice in bank is identified by a letter. Please markthe corresponding letter for each item on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 47 to 56 are based on the followingpassage.
El Nino is name given to the mysterious andoften unpredictable change in the climate of the world. This strange __47__happens every five to eight years. It starts in the Pacific Ocean and isthought to be caused by a failure in the tradewinds (信风)，which affects the ocean currentsdriven by these winds. As the trade winds lessen in __48__, the ocean temperaturesrise, causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as muchas 5℃.
The warming of the ocean has far-reachingeffects. The hot, humid (潮湿的) air over the ocean causessevere __49__ thunderstorms. The rainfall is increased across SouthAmerica. __50__ floods to Peru. In the West pacific, there are droughtsaffecting Australia and Indonesia. So while some parts of the world prepare forheavy rains and floods, other parts face drought, poor crops and __51__.
El Nino usually lasts for about 18 months.The 1982-83 El Nino brought the most __52__ weather in modern history.Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and causedover eight billion pounds __53__ of damage. The 1990 El Nino lasted untilJune 1995. Scientists __54__ this to be the longest El Nino for 2,000years.
Nowadays, weather experts are able toforecast when an El Nino will __55__, but they are still not __56__sure what leads to it or what affects how strong it will be.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
A) estimate
I) completely
B) strength
J) destructive
C) deliberately
K) starvation
D) notify
L) bringing
E) tropical
M) exhaustion
F) phenomenon
N) worth
G) stable
O) strike
H) attraction
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed bysome questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and markthe corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the followingpassage.
Communications technologies are far fromequal when it comes to conveying the truth. The first study to compare honestyacross a range of communication media has fund that people are twice as likelyto tell lies in phone conversations as they are in emails. The fact that emailsare automatically recorded—and can come back to haunt (困扰) you—appears to be the key to the finding.
Jeff Hancock of Cornell University in Ithaca,New York, asked 30 students to keep a communications diary for a week. In itthey noted the number of conversations or email exchanges they had lasting morethan 10 minutes, and confessed to how many lies they told. Hancock then workedout the number of lies per conversation for each medium. He found that liesmade up 14 per cent of emails, 21 per cent of instant messages, 27 per cent offace-to-face interactions and an astonishing 37 per cent of phone calls.
His results to be presented at the conferenceon human-computer interaction in Vienna, Austria, in April, have surprisedpsychologists. Some expected emailers to be the biggest liars, reasoning thatbecause deception makes people uncomfortable, the detachment (非直接接触) of emailing would make it easier to lie. Others expected people tolie more in face-to-face exchanges because we are most practised at that formof communication.
But Hancock says it is also crucial whether aconversation is being recorded and could be reread, and whether it occurs inreal time. People appear to be afraid to lie when they know the communicationcould later be used to hold them to account, he says. This is why fewer liesappear in email than on the phone.
People are also more likely to lie in realtime—in a instant message or phone call, say—than if they have time to think ofa response, says Hancock. He found many lies are spontaneous (脱口而出的) responses to an unexpected demand, such as: “Do you like mydress?”
Hancock hopes his research will helpcompanies work our the best ways for their employees to communicate. Forinstance, the phone might be the best medium foe sales where employees areencouraged to stretch the truth. But, given his result, work assessment wherehonesty is a priority, might be best done using email.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
57. Hancock’sstudy focuses on ________.
A) the consequences of lying in variouscommunications media
B) the success of communicationstechnologies in conveying ideas
C) people are less likely to lie ininstant messages
D) people’s honesty levels across a rangeof communications media
58. Hancock’sresearch finding surprised those who believed that ________.
A) people are less likely to lie ininstant messages
B) people are unlikely to lie inface-to-face interactions
C) people are most likely to lie in emailcommunication
D) people are twice as likely to lie inphone conversations
59. Accordingto the passage, why are people more likely to tell the truth through certainmedia of communication?
A) They are afraid of leaving behindtraces of their lies.
B) They believe that honesty is the bestpolicy.
C) They tend to be relaxed when usingthose media.
D) They are most practised at those formsof communication.
60. Accordingto Hancock the telephone is a preferable medium for promoting sales because________.
A) salesmen can talk directly to theircustomers
B) salesmen may feel less restrained toexaggerate
C) salesmen can impress customers asbeing trustworthy
D) salesmen may pass on instant messageseffectively
61. It can beinferred from the passage that ________.
A) honesty should be encouraged ininterpersonal communications
B) more employers will use emails tocommunicate with their employees
C) suitable media should be chosen fordifferent communication purposes
D) email is now the dominant medium ofcommunication within a company
Questions 62 to 66 are based on the followingpassage.
In a country that defines itself by ideals,not by shared blood, who should be allowed to come work and live here? In thewake of the Sept. 11 attacks these questions have never seemed more pressing.
On Dec. 11, 2001, as part of the effort toincrease homeland security, federal and local authorities in 14 states staged“Operation Safe Travel”—raids on airports to arrest employees with false identification (身份证明). In Salt Lake City there were69 arrests. But those captured were anything but terrorists, most of themillegal immigrants from Central or South America. Authorities said theundocumented workers’ illegal status made them open to blackmail (讹诈) by terrorists.
Many immigrants in Salt Lake City wereangered by the arrests and said they felt as if they were being treated likedisposable goods.
Mayor Anderson said those feelings werejustified to a certain extent. “We’re saying we want you to work in theseplaces, we’re going to look the other way in terms of what our laws are, andthen when it’s convenient for us, or when we can try to make a point in termsof national security, especially after Sept. 11, then you’re disposable. Thereare whole families being uprooted for all of the wrong reasons,” Anderson said.
If Sept. 11 had never happened, the airportworkers would not have been arrested and could have gone on quietly living inAmerica, probably indefinitely. Ana Castro, a manager at a Ben & Jerry’s icecream shop at the airport had been working 10 years with the same false SocialSecurity card when she was arrested in the December airport raid. Now she andher family are living under the threat ofdeportation (驱逐出境). Castro’scase is currently waiting to be settled. While she awaits the outcome, thegovernment has granted her permission to work here and she has returned to herjob at Ben & Jerry’s.
62. Accordingto the author, the United States claims to be a nation ________.
A) composed of people having differentvalues
B) encouraging individual pursuits
C) sharing common interests
D) founded on shared ideals
63. How didthe immigrants in Salt Lake City feel about “Operation Safe Travel”?
A) Guilty.
B) Offended.
C) Disappointed.
D) Discouraged.
64. Undocumentedworkers became the target of “Operation Safe Travel” because ________.
A) evidence was found that they werepotential terrorists
B) most of them worked at airports underthreat of terrorists
C) terrorists might take advantage oftheir illegal status
D) they were reportedly helping hideterrorists around the airport
65. By saying “...we’regoing to look the other way in terms of what our laws are” (Line 2, Para. 4),Mayor Anderson means “________”.
A) we will turn a blind eye to yourillegal status
B) we will examine the laws in adifferent way
C) there are other ways of enforcing thelaw
D) the existing laws must not be ignored
66. What do welearn about Ana Castro from the last paragraph?
A) She will be deported sooner or later.
B) She is allowed to stay permanently.
C) Her case has been dropped.
D) Her fate remains uncertain.
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank thereare four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You shouldchoose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the correspondingletter on Answer Sheet 2 with asingle line through the centre.
Do you wake up every day feeling too tired,or even upset? If so, then a new alarm clock could be just for you.
The clock, called SleepSmart, measures yoursleep cycle, and waits __67__ you to be in your lightest phase of sleep __68__rousing you. Its makers say that should __69__ you wake up feelingrefreshed every morning.
As you sleep you pass __70__ a sequenceof sleep states—light sleep, deep sleep and REM (rapid eye movement) sleep—that__71__ approximately every 90 minutes. The point in that cycle at whichyou wake can __72__ how you feel later, and may __73__ have agreater impact than how much or little you have slept. Being roused during alight phase __74__ you are more likely to wake up energetic.
SleepSmart __75__ the distinct patternof brain waves __76__ during each phase of sleep, via a headbandequipped __77__ electrodes (电极) and a microprocessor. Thismeasures the electrical activity of the wearer’s brain, in much the __78__way as some machines used for medical and research __79__, andcommunicates wirelessly with a clock unit near the bed. You __80__ theclock with the latest time at __81__ you want to be wakened, and it __82__ duly (适时地) wakes you during the last light sleep phase before that.
The __83__ was invented by a group ofstudents at Brown University in Rhode Island __84__ a friend complainedof waking up tired and performing poorly on a test. “__85__ sleep-deprivedpeople ourselves, we started thinking of __86__ to do about it,” saysEric Shashoua, a recent college graduate and now chief executive officer ofAxon Sleep Research Laboratories, a company created by the students to developtheir idea.
67. A) beside
B) near
C) for
D) around
68. A) upon
B) before
C) towards
D) till
69. A) ensure
B) assure
C) require
D) request
70. A) through
B) into
C) about
D) on
71. A) reveals
B) reverses
C) resumes
D) repeats
72. A) effect
B) affect
C) reflect
D) perfect
73. A) already
B) ever
C) never
D) even
74. A) means
B) marks
C) says
D) dictates
75. A) removes
B) relieves
C) records
D) recalls
76. A)proceeded
B) produced
C) pronounced
D) progressed
77. A) by
B) of
C) with
D) over
78. A)familiar
B) similar
C) identical
D) same
79. A)findings
B) prospects
C) proposals
D) purposes
80. A) prompt
B) program
C) plug
D) plan
81. A) where
B) this
C) which
D) that
82. A) then
B) also
C) almost
D) yet
83. A) claim
B) conclusion
C) concept
D) explanation
84. A) once
B) after
C) since
D) while
85. A) Besides
B) Despite
C) To
D) As
86. A) what
B) how
C) whether
D) when
Directions: Complete thesentences on Answer Sheet 2by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.
87. Havingspent some time in the city, he had no trouble ________ (找到去历史博物馆的路).
88. ________ (为了挣钱供我上学)， Motheroften takes on more work than is good for her.
89. Theprofessor required that ________ (我们交研究报告)。
90. The moreyou explain, ________ (我愈糊涂).
91. Though askilled worker, ________ (他被公司解雇了) lastweek because of the economic crisis.
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