院校真题演练

时间：2022-09-23 百科知识版权反馈

【摘要】：Part One Listening Comprehension（20points）（清华大学2006年考博英语听力试题）Directions：In this section you will hear a talk about dictionaries．The speaker will mainly talk about some uses of dictionaries．Listen to t

院校真题演练

Part One Listening Comprehension（20points）（清华大学2006年考博英语听力试题）

Section One(5points)

Directions：In this section you will hear a talk about dictionaries．The speaker will mainly talk about some uses of dictionaries．Listen to the recording and write down five uses that are given in the talk．Use only a phrase for each answer．You will hear the recording ONLY ONCE．

Section Two(7points)

Directions：In this section you will hear an interview with a time management consult－ant．Listen to the recording and answer the questions with what you hear from the consult－ant．You will hear the recording TWICE．

Interview questionnaire：Time management

6．What exactly do time management consultants do？

__________________________________________________________________

7．Who are their clients？

__________________________________________________________________

8．What sort of things help people to organize their time？

__________________________________________________________________

9．How can you control what other people do？

__________________________________________________________________

10．What can people do with interruptions？

__________________________________________________________________

11．Does everything depend on culture？

__________________________________________________________________

12．What，for you，is a hard－working person？

__________________________________________________________________

Section Three(8points)

Directions：In this section you will hear a lecture about food around the world．Listen to the lecture and complete the notes below about the lecture．Write no more than　5words for each blank．You will hear the recording ONLY ONCE．

Lecture notes：Food around the world

Diet in Europe　500years ago

—Meat：e．g．13

—Dairy：e．g．milk，cheese

—Grains：e．g．14

Diet in the Americas　500years ago

—Vegetables：e．g．15

—Grains：e．g．corn

—Meat：e．g．turkey

—Spices：e．g．16

Diet in the Americas now

—Diet today very different：e．g．17

Diet in Europe／the world now

—The food Europeans brought back from America：e．g．18 19spread quickly．20spread slowly．

参考答案

Section One

1．To find the meaning of a word．

2．To tell how to pronounce a word．

3．To tell where each syllable of a word begins and ends．

4．To tell the part of a speech of a word．

5．To increase your vocabulary．

Section Two

6．Helping people to organize their work in an effective way，maximum efficiency，and minimum stress．

7．Mainly business people，also politicians，civil servants and university lecturers．

8．Be aware of cultural differences and be punctual．

9．You can set limits．

10．For important things，you can make an appointment for another time，for unimportant things，just let it go away．

11．No，attitudes of time are one of the big differences between cultures，but how you organize your own work is up to you．

12．I’m not very interested in hard－working people；I’m interested in productive and happy people．

Section Three

13．beef，lamb，goat and pork

14．wheat，rice

15．potatoes，tomatoes

16．chocolate and hot chili peppers

17．beef，pork，cheese，wheat，rice

18．corn，potatoes，chili peppers

19．Chili peppers

20．Potatoes

听力原文

Part One Listening Comprehension（20points）

Section One

Today I’d like to talk to you about dictionaries，because most of you have them，em，but don’t use them very often．Whenever I ask people what a dictionary is for，they almost say that is to find the meaning of a word．Well，but that’s really only a small part of the answer．Sure a dictionary will tell you the meaning of a word，and it will also give you examples to show you how the word is used in a sentence，and it will also tell you how to pronounce a word you already know the meaning of．And this is very important，because if you can’t say a word correctly，then no one will understand you．Of course，learning the pronunciation symbols your dictionary uses will take a little time．But it’s worth it，believe me．

Now think about when you’re writing something，are you always sure of the spelling of every word？If not，what do you do？Do you just write it the way you think it’s spelt and hope it’s correct？Or do you wait around for someone who can tell you the spelling？Or，do you look for another word to use instead？What you should do is to open your dictionary and to check to see that your spelling is correct．If it isn’t，think of another way the word might be spelt and check that out．Through guessing and checking，you are sure to find the right spelling．

Another thing to help you when you’re writing—the dictionary will tell you where each syllable of a word begins and ends．This is important information．Because when you write in English，when you come to the end of a line on a piece of paper，you cannot separate words where you want to，but only between syllables．So you can use your dictionary to find out if you’re separating the word in the right place．

There is other information the dictionary has，too．It tells you the part of a speech of a word，if it’s an adjective，adverb，verb or noun．You need to know this，because you don’t want to sound funny and use a noun form when you should be using a verb．You may not only sound funny，but people may not be able to understand you．

A dictionary has other grammar information，too．Like the past，past participle forms of a verb．For example，if you look up the word“write”，you will see“wrote”and“writ－ten”near it．So the dictionary tells you the past of“write”and past participle．It will also tell you the plural of noun when they are not regular，and lot of other grammar information，too．

I could go on and on．Em，but，there is one other thing I want to mention today．And that using your dictionary to increase your vocabulary．By that，I mean the dictionaries always include the derive forms of words．A derive form is，for example，the noun form of a verb or the adjective form of a noun．Let’s take for example the word“study”．If you look it up in a dictionary，you will find the derive noun form and you already know this，it’s“student”．But you also find that the adjective form of study is“studious”，which means studying hard．So when we talk of someone being studious，this person，like all of you，studies hard．This example should show you that when you look up a new word，you should make a note of its derive forms，too．In this way，you can learn more than one new word at the same time．

Section Two

Directions：In this section you will hear an interview with a time management consult－ant．Listen to the recording and answer the questions with what you hear from the consultant．You will hear the recording TWICE．

Now，do you make the best of your time？In the studio，we’ve got Roberta Wilson who’s a time management consultant．

Paul：Good morning，Roberta．

Roberta：Good morning，Paul．

Paul：Roberta，what exactly do time management consultants do？

Roberta：Well，Paul．It’s all about helping people to organize the work in an effective way，maximum efficiency，minimum stress．

Paul：Sounds like something I need．Who are your clients？

Roberta：Em，mainly business people，but I’ve also worked with politicians，civil servants and university lecturers．

Paul：Em，quite a range．Then what sorts of things help people to organize their time？I suppose punctuality is important？

Roberta：Em，yes and no．It’s easier to finish a meeting on time if it starts on time．But in international contexts，so you do have to be aware of cultural differences．

Paul：For example？

Roberta：Well，in Britain，big formal meetings usually start on time，but less formal meetings often begin a few minutes late．In Germany，on the other hand，people expect all meetings to begin on time．In some countries，em，for ex－ample，Latin American，there is a more relaxed attitude，so you do have to adapt to circumstances．

Paul：One in Rome？

Roberta：Yes，to some extent，yes．

Paul：It sounds like even if you manage your own time very well，you still can’t control what other people do．

Roberta：Well，you can set limits．If you’re meeting a friend who always arrives late，you can say“well，I’m going to wait for　15minutes”．If they aren’t there by then，I’ll leave．

Paul：Em，I’ve got one friend who’s always late．I don’t think I’ll ever see her if I did that．

Roberta：But people who are always late are the ones you need to set limits with．If they know that you would go away，then perhaps，they would make an effort．

Paul：Isn’t that rather hard？

Roberta：No，not really．Someone who comes eternally late is putting a low value on your time．Let them know you’ve got other things to do and I’m not suggesting you do that with everyone，just the persistent latecomers．Though again，different cultures do have different viewpoints on what constitutes serious lateness．

Paul：What about interruptions？I often come into the studio with something important I need to do．Then the phone rings or someone comes to see me．Before I note it，the days over and I haven’t done my plan．

Roberta：Em，you need to defend your time．If you’re looking on something important，someone drops in to see you，get your diary out，politely tell them you’re busy and make an appointment for another time．If it isn’t important anyway，well，just go a way．If it is，go and make an appointment you can deal with properly．

Paul：Sounds practical．

Roberta：Again，you do have to be careful．In some cultures，particularly Latin ones，this technique can upset people．But here in the United States，almost no one will be offended．

Paul：So，does everything depend on culture？

Roberta：No，attitudes of time are one of the big differences between cultures，but how you organize your own work is up to you．And there are a lot of techniques here．For example，imagine you’ve got two important things to do．One of them is pleasant and the other isn’t．Always try to do the unpleasant task first．That way，the pleasant task is a reward for finishing．If you do it the other way round，you tend to slow down the pleasant task．Because you don’t want to do the unpleasant one．

Paul：I’ll remember that．Finally，what，for you，is a hard－working person？

Roberta：Em，I’m not very interested in hard－working people．You can spend　12 hours a day at the office without doing very much．I’m interested in productive and happy people．

Paul：And another note，I have to say we’ve run out of time．Thank you，Roberta，and over to Jazzmen to hear the news．

Now you’ll hear the reporting again．

Section Three

As you know，many big changes happened after Christopher Columbus and other Europeans came to America　500years ago．Today，I’m going to talk about the change in the world diet，the way people cooked and ate．500years ago，there was a big change in the diet of people all over the world．Let’s talk about the diet in Europe　500years ago．Now look at Picture one to see the food that was common in Europe．One important food was meat．Europeans ate many kinds of meat，including beef，lamb，goat and pork．Europeans also ate dairy products—milk and cheese made from the milk of cows and goats．Europeans ate several different grains，most people ate wheat and some people ate rice，which came first from Asia．

Now let’s look at the diet in the America，em，about　500years ago．In Picture two，you can see the food that existed in America．The diet of native Americans was very different from the diet of the Europeans．This is because the European made dairy products，and grains didn’t exist in America．However，Americans ate some food that didn’t exist in Eu－rope．The native Americans ate different vegetables，such as potatoes and tomatoes；they ate different grains such as corn；they ate different meat such as turkey and other wild birds；they also used spices such as chocolate and hot chilly peppers．None of these foods existed in Europe　500years ago．

Now，let’s talk about the big change in the world diet　500years ago after Columbus and the Europeans went to America．After Europeans went to America，the diet of native Americans changed a lot．When the Europeans went to the America，they took many new kinds of food with them．Europeans gave some of the food—the meat，dairy products and grains to the native Americans and native Americans started to use the European food in their cooking．As a result，the diet in America began to change．And now the diet of people in America today is very different from their diet　500years ago．For example，if you go to a country such as Mexico，you can see that the traditional Mexican food uses a lot of beef，pork，cheese，wheat and rice—all food that came from Europe with Columbus．

After the Europeans returned to Europe from America，there were also big changes in the diet of people in Europe and the rest of the world．When the Europeans returned to Eu－rope，they took many new kinds of food back from America．They took back vegetables，grains and spices that they found in America．Little by little，people all over Europe started using the new food in their cooking．And then the food spread around the world to Africa，the Middle East and Asia．

Picture two shows how the food spread around the world．Some of the new food spread very quickly around the world．One example is the chili pepper．You may be surprised to know that　500years ago，the chili pepper didn’t exist in many countries that are famous today for their hot and spicy food made with chilies．Actually，we think the first chili pepper was taken to Span by Columbus in　1493，when he returned from America．After only　100years，the chili pepper has spread all around the world．They primarily spread quickly because of their wonderful hot flavor，and because they grew easily in warm weather．The only place that the chili pepper did not become popular was northern Europe．Probably because it’s too cold to grow chili pepper easily there．Although chili pepper spread quickly，other foods from America spread very slowly．Our potatoes are a good ex－ample．It took about　250years for the potato to spread around the world．And the reason it took so long is that the Europeans thought potatoes were poisonous．The potato looked like a very poisonous plant that grew in Europe．People were afraid to eat potatoes．For a long time，people only use potatoes to feed their pigs．But slowly，people started using potatoes as food for themselves．Today，of course，potatoes are a very popular food in many diets，especially in northern Europe and northern America．So the next time you sit down for dinner，think about the history of the food you’re eating．Maybe it was a part of the big change of the diet of people all over the world．

Part One Listening Comprehension（20points）（北京大学2006年考博英语听力试题）

There are　3sections in this part．

Directions：In sections A and B you will hear everything ONLY ONCE．Listen carefully and then choose the correct answer for each question．Mark your choices on your Answer Sheet．

Section A Conversations（5points）

Directions：In this section you will hear several conversations．Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow．

Questions　1～3are based on the following conversation．At the end of the conversation，you will be given　15seconds to answer the questions．

NOW listen to the conversation．

1．Which is NOT the purpose of Mr．Lewis’visit？

A．To see friends．　　　　　　　　B．To give concerts．

C．To vacation．　　　　　　　　　 D．To give private lessons．

2．What kind of cello did Mr．Lewis use when he was eight？

A．A full－sized cello．　　　　　B．A half－sized cello．

C．A two－thirds sized cello．　　D．It is not mentioned．

3．What is true about Mr．Lewis’cello？

A．He always takes it with him．B．It was made by his uncle．

C．He borrowed it from his uncle．D．He got a seat free for his cello．

Questions　4～7are based on the following conversation．At the end of the conversation，you will be given　20seconds to answer the questions．

NOW listen to the conversation．

4．What is the main purpose of the research？

A．To make preparations for a new publication．

B．To learn how couples spend their weekends．

C．To know how housework is shared．

D．To investigate what people do at the weekend．

5．What does the man do on Fridays？

A．He goes to exercise classes．　　　B．He goes sailing．

C．He goes to the cinema．　　　　　　D．He stays at home．

6．On which day does the couple always go out？

A．Friday．　　B．Saturday．　　C．Sunday．　　D．Any weekday．

7．Which personal detail does the man give？

A．Surname．　　B．First name．　　C．Address．　　D．Age．

Questions　8～10are based on the following conversation．At the end of the conversation，you will be given　15seconds to answer the questions．

NOW listen to the conversation．

8．What conclusion can we draw about Mike before he went to the camping school？

A．He was eager to do the course．　　　　B．He had done outdoor activities．

C．He enjoyed life in the open．　　　　　D．He was reluctant and timid．

9．Mike participated in all the following activities EXCEPT________．

A．hiking　　B．canoeing　　C．swimming　　D．camping

10．Which of the following words is most appropriate to describe Mike after the camping school？

A．Independent．　　B．Strong．　　C．Determined．　　D．Persistent．

Section B　Talks(5 points)

Directions：In this section you will hear several talks．Listen to the talks carefully and then answer the questions that follow．

Questions　11～13are based on the following talk．At the end of the talk，you will be given　15seconds to answer the questions．

NOW listen to the talk．

11．What happened on January　27th，1967？

A．Three men were injured during a fire．

B．One man died during the fire accident．

C．A fire started inside a spaceship．

D．A spaceship was launched．

12．What happened in　1981？

A．The space program was suspended．

B．Five men were injured during an accident．

C．The accident occurred before the rehearsal．

D．No accident happened that year．

13．What does the talk say about accidents？

A．Accidents are unavoidable．

B．Accidents can be avoided．

C．Human beings are always careless．

D．There should be more precautions．

Questions　14～17are based on the following talk．At the end of the talk，you will be given　20seconds to answer the questions．

NOW listen to the talk．

14．BBC’s weather forecast is a ________program．

A．seldom watched　　B．little known　　C．new　　D．popular

15．Weather observations come from all the following sources EXCEPT________．

A．computers　　B．satellites　　C．the ground　　D．radar

16．What does the talk say about BBC’s forecasters？

A．They read from script．　　　　　　　　B．They are professional．

C．They use a map for presentation．　　　D．They care about their clothes．

17．What does the talk say about British television viewers？

A．They remember what they saw on weather forecasts．

B．They like talking about weather instead of watching．

C．They pay more attention to the style of the presenters．

D．They watch and remember what is necessary．

Questions　18～20are based on the following talk．At the end of the talk，you will be given　15seconds to answer the questions．

NOW listen to the talk．

18．Which is NOT showing an increase this year？

A．Number of tourists．　　　　　　　　　　B．Holiday travelers．

C．Shopping．　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　D．Dining and entertaining．

19．What does the talk say about this year’s business travelers？

A．There are fewer business travelers．

B．There are more business travelers．

C．The number remains the same as last year’s．

D．It is not mentioned in the talk．

20．Which is the largest single visitor expenditure？

A．Hotel accommodation．　　　　　　　　　B．Meals．

C．Shopping．　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　D．Entertainment．

Section C　Spot Dictation(10 points)

Directions：In this section you are going to hear a report on the strong link between sleep and fatal accident．Some words are taken out and you are expected to fill in the missing words as you listen．The report will be read TWICE and you will have one minute to check your work．Then put your answers on Answer Sheet．

NOW listen to the report．

Inadequate rest means a weaker1system，laying the body open to a whole2 of illnesses．On the average a man needs seven hours of sleep a day and a woman seven and a3hours．Six hours of4sleep is better than ten hours of5and turning，however．People who sleep less than six hours a night are6for an early death．

Some people7that they can get by with little sleep when necessary．But experts think these people are8themselves．

Between sleep9and fatal accidents there is an obvious10．People who get 11sleep or poor quality sleep have a higher risk of12on the road．They are more likely to fall asleep at the13and kill people or get killed．Professional drivers and 14workers are most likely to take the15．The performance at work also16 because of sleep deprivation．

The pressures of work deprive people of sleep．To make it up，they try to17cat－naps．But experts are a little18about the benefits of catnapping．They tell us that the catnap can never be a19for proper sleep．For victims of20，catnapping in the day is the worst thing they can possibly do．

参考答案

Section A

1．B；2．C；3．A；4．A；5．D；6．B；7．A；8．D；9．C；10．A

Section B

11．C；12．B；13．A；14．A；15．A；16．B；17．D；18．C；19．A；20．C

Section C

1．immune；2．range；3．quarter；4．uninterrupted；5．tossing；6．destined；7．claimed；

8．fooling；9．deprivation；10．correlation；11．insufficient；12．accidents；13．wheel；

14．shifted；15．risk；16．deteriorates；17．snatch；18．skeptical；19．substitute；20．insomnia

听力原文

Part One Listening Comprehension

There are　3sections in this part．

In Sections A and B you will hear everything ONLY ONCE．Listen carefully and then choose the correct answer for each question．Mark your choices on your Answer Sheet．

Section A Conversations(5points)

Directions：In this section you will hear several conversations．Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow．

Questions　1～3are based on the following conversation．At the end of the conversation，you will be given　15seconds to answer the questions．

NOW listen to the conversation．

W：Welcome to our city，Mr．Lewis．But of course I have been here before，haven’t you？

M：Yes，I have．What a good memory I have！I was here for the art festival last year．

W：And what will you be doing on this visit？

M：I came primarily for a holiday and to see some friends．But I’ll also be giving some private cello lessons as well．

W：I believe that your cello is rather special，is that true？

M：Oh，yes．It was made for my uncle by a very expert German cello maker called Schuster．When I began cello lessons at the age of　8，he said that when I grow big enough to handle a full－sized cello，he would give it to me．

W：So，when a child begins to play the cello，he or she starts on a smaller instrument？

M：Sure．Or it will be very uncomfortable．Many children begin with a half－sized cello．But as I was big for my age，I began with a two－thirds sized cello．

W：Are you going to other places on this trip and will you take your cello with you？

M：Yes，very definitely．

W：But isn’t it difficult taking your cello around with you？

M：Not really．I just reserve two seats when I’m traveling anywhere．One for me and one for my cello．It’s such a precious thing to me that it hardly ever leaves my side．

Questions　4～7are based on the following conversation．At the end of the conversation，you will be given　20seconds to answer the questions．

NOW listen to the conversation．

W：Excuse me，could I ask you some questions？

M：Of course．

W：I work for an advertising agency and I’m doing some research．It’s for a new magazine for people like you．

M：People like me？What do you mean？

W：People between　25and　35years old．

M：Okay．

W：Right，em，what do you like to do on the weekends？

M：Well，on Fridays，my wife always goes to exercise class then she visits friends．

W：Don’t you go out？

M：Not on Fridays．I never go out on Fridays．I stay at home and watch television．

W：And on Saturdays？

M：On Saturdays my wife and I always go sailing together．

W：Really？

M：Em，we love it．We never miss it．And then in the evening，we go out．

W：Where to？

M：Different places．We sometimes go and see friends；we sometimes go to a movie，or a restaurant．We always go out on Saturday evenings．

W：I see，and then Sundays？What happens on Sundays？

M：Nothing special．We often go for a walk．I always cook a big Sunday lunch．

W：Oh，how often do you do the cooking？

M：Em，two or three times a week．

W：Thank you very much．All I need now are your personal details：your name，job and so on．What’s your surname？

M：Robinson．

Questions　8～10are based on the following conversation．At the end of the conversation，you will be given　15seconds to answer the questions．

NOW listen to the conversation．

M：My brother Mike is just on a course at the Green－park camping school．

W：Really？What made him decide to do that？

M：Well，for one thing，some boys in his class decided to do it and they dared him to go hasten．

W：You mean he really didn’t want to go？

M：I think he wanted to go，but I think he was also a little frightened．Of course，now that he has done it，he is very pleased with himself．He’s always talking about it．

W：So he enjoyed it，didn’t he？

M：Not exactly．I think he’s enjoying the feeling of having done it more than he actually enjoyed doing it．

W：What sorts of thing did he do？

M：Em，all sorts of opening－air activities：hiking，camping，and canoeing．One thing he had to do was to capsize a canoe and then ride it again without getting out．He said the water was very cold，but he hardly noticed it at the time．

W：Why not？

M：He’s busy riding the canoe．

W：That doesn’t sound very comfortable at this time of the year．

M：That’s what I said when he told me．On another occasion，he had to spend the day and night by himself in open country．

W：Was he frightened？

M：He was at first，apparently．But then he got used to it．

W：It seems to me that the course did him a lot of good．I expect it made him more self－reliant．

M：That’s what he says．And now，he wants me to go．

Section B Talks(5points)

Directions：In this section you will hear several talks．Listen to the talks carefully and then answer the questions that follow．

Questions　11～13are based on the following talk．At the end of the talk，you will be given　15seconds to answer the questions．

NOW listen to the talk．

Although it is impossible to eliminate all risks from such a complex and experimental project，as the American space program，every precaution is taken to reduce the possibility of injury．Nevertheless，accidents do happen．

The first major casualties occurred when despite every precaution，fire broke out on the Apollo V capsule on January　27th，1967．In spite of every effort to save them，three men died in this terrible accident．The program continued without pause，however，and there were no more serious injuries until　1981．Then having successfully tested the engines，on an earlier occasion，a rehearsal for the actual launching was held．Not knowing that an engine chamber was full of Nitrogen gas used to clean the motor，6technicians entered for routine work after the final rehearsal had been declared successful．They collapsed as soon as the gas entered their lungs．One man died，and the others were very ill．Though every－one involved was shocked and grieved by this apparently unnecessary accident，preparations continued for the actual launching later that year．However hard we try，accidents are bound to happen．Whenever a new and challenging project is undertaken，it seems to be the price of progress．

Questions　14～17are based on the following talk．At the end of the talk，you will be given　20seconds to answer the questions．

NOW listen to the talk．

In Britain，just as the largest audience is watching the main television news programs，it’s weather forecast time．The BBC broadcast　44live forecast a day，433hours of weather a year，using forecasters from the Meteorological Office．The Met Office makes predictions about the weather　7days in advance．These are based on observations from the ground，from satellites and from radar．

The observations are stored in computers that can do up to　4　000million calculations per second．In Britain，the weather is news．A television weather forecast often begins with an interesting fact：The town with the top temperature of the day or the place with the most rain．“The public likes that kind of information，”says senior forecaster Bill Jails．“The BBC forecasters are professional meteorologists，but they don’t have an easy job．”They are the only presenters on television who do not use a script and they cannot see the map that they are describing．Viewers are often critical，especially of female presenters．One woman left the job after rude letters and press reports about her clothes．

The British talk about the weather more than any other subject，so it is surprising to discover　70%of television viewers cannot remember what they saw on the weather fore－cast．“What happens”，says one forecaster，“is that people like watching and hearing the forecasters，but they probably only take real notice when they need to，or of course，when we make mistakes．”

Questions　18～20are based on the following talk．At the end of the talk，you will be given　15seconds to answer the questions．

NOW listen to the talk．

A record number of tourists visited the city this year，and tourists’spending appears to have increased．Hotel occupancy rates are likely to exceed the world average．The latest issue of the tourist associations Travel Bulletin says that last year’s record figure of　2．5 million visitors was passed last month．During the month，traditionally the picturesque period of the year，hotels were reporting at　87%plus occupancy rate．The Bulletin notes an increased tendency this year for people to visit the city on holiday．Last year，65%of the visitors come for holidays，while　21%were on business．This year’s figures so far are showing a swing in favor of more vacation travelers plus an increase in rivals for meetings and conferences，the Bulletin reports．

This year’s total tourist expenditures are running about　10%higher than last year’s．Visitors spent　11million yuan last year，a substantial increase over the previous year．Money spent on shopping，however，the largest single visitor expenditure，dropped slightly in the first half of the year，but spending on items such as tours，dining and entertainment increased．Nevertheless，money spent by tourists in shops still accounted for　60%of total tourist expenditure．The rest was spent mainly on hotel accommodation and meals．

Section C Spot Dictation(10points)

NOW listen to the report．

Inadequate rest means a weaker immune system，laying the body open to a whole range of illnesses．On the average a man needs seven hours of sleep a day and a woman seven and a quarter hours．Six hours of uninterrupted sleep is better than ten hours of tossing and turning，however．People who sleep less than six hours a night are destined for an early death．

Some people claimed that they can get by with little sleep when necessary．But experts think these people are fooling themselves．

Between sleep deprivation and fatal accidents there is an obvious correlation．People who get insufficient sleep or poor quality sleep have a higher risk of accidents on the road．They are more likely to fall a sleep at the wheel and kill people or get killed．Professional drivers and shifted workers are most likely to take the risk．The performance at work also deteriorates because of sleep deprivation．

The pressures of work deprive people of sleep．To make it up，they try to snatch cat－naps．But experts are a little skeptical about the benefits of catnapping．They tell us that the catnap can never be a substitute for proper sleep．For victims of insomnia，catnapping in the day is the worst thing they can possibly do．

The second reading．

Now you will have one minute to check your work．

Part One Listening Comprehension（20points）（中国人民大学2004年考博英语听力试题）

Section One(10points)

Conversations Directions

Directions：In this section you will hear ten short conversations．At the end of each conversation，a question will be asked about what was said．The conversation and the question will be spoken ONLY ONCE．After each question there will be a pause．During the pause you must read the four choices A，B，C and D，and decide which is the best answer．

1．A．59．　　B．69．　　C．67．　　D．76．

2．A．She doesn’t have the right tools．

B．She can’t afford it．

C．She wants to wait until the next day．

D．She doesn’t need one．

3．A．On the earth．　　B．In an ocean．　　C．In Africa．　　D．On the moon．

4．A．A policeman．　　B．A doctor．　　C．A fireman．　　D．An electrician．

5．A．Because they need handkerchiefs．　　B．Because the movie is sad．

C．Because they like movies．　　　　　　　D．Because the movie is funny．

6．A．Because the planes turn sharply．　　B．Because it is　22miles．

C．Because there are no signs．　　　　　　D．Because of driving conditions．

7．A．Buy a car．　　B．Buy a house．　　C．Move to the city．　　D．Rent a car．

8．A．She is pitiful．　　　　　　　　　　　B．She is too shy to apply．

C．They are afraid of her．　　　　　　　　　D．She is intelligent．

9．A．A housewife．　　B．A teacher．　　C．A director．　　D．A writer．

10．A．About　6p．m．　　　　　　　　　　　　B．At　3：30p．m．

C．About noon．　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　D．After dinner．

Section Two（5points）

Spot Dictation

Directions：In this section you will hear a passage of about　120words TWICE．The pas－sage is printed on your paper with several words or phrases missing．You must write down the missing words you’ve just heard in the corresponding blanks．

In the Civil Service，only about　200out of　2　0001remain after the rest have been knocked out by the Service’s own examinations and interviews lasting two days．Forged2，printed in Germany，have been discovered recently．These are not easy to3the real thing and can be bought at￡25apiece．Degree mills have also become a highly lucrative business．4，including doctorates，can be obtained at anything from￡20upwards．Often the“universities”and“colleges”selling these attractive bits of parchment operate from5．

Section Three(5points)

Answering Questions

Directions：In this section you will hear a passage TWICE．After listening，you should write down briefly the answers to the question in the blank space provided．The questions are printed on you paper．

Questions：

1．What is the name of the project talked about in the passage？

2．What is the purpose of the project？

3．What is the concern of the project？

4．How is the project designed？

5．What does the project not promote？

参考答案

Section One

1．A；2．B；3．D；4．C；5．B；6．D；7．C；8．D；9．B；10．A

Section Two

1．candidates；2．certificates；3．distinguish from；4．Fake degrees and diplomas；5．sleepy offices．

Section Three

1．The Global Vision Project．

2．The purpose is to promote the idea of sustainable civilization as a global goal．

3．The concern is universal to bolster an understanding our relationship to each other．

4．It is designed to stimulate people to discover what they can do to make it different．

5．The project promotes no political or religious ideology nor does it seek to further the interest of any particular group．

听力原文

Section One

Conversations

No．1

W：Is your listening class very crowded？

M：Well，on the first day，there were　45students in class，and the next day　14more students came．

Q：How many students are there in the listening class？

No．2

M：I think your car needs a tuneup．

W：You’re right，but I can’t spend the money just now．I’ll have to wait until next payday．

Q：Why doesn’t the women get a tuneup？

No．3

M：Walk up there．It’s the earth．

W：Beautiful，but how surprising，the sky is black．

M：You can see all the blue ocean and brown landmasses．

Q：Where did the conversation take place？

No．4

W：I see smoke flowing out of the apartment building next door．

M：We’ll be there as soon as possible to investigate the problem．

Q：Who is the woman talking to？

No．5

W：If we go to this movie，I know we’ll probably shed a lot of tears．

M：Yes，I hear it very sad．

W：All right．Then I’ll bring two extra handkerchiefs．

Q：Why do the man and woman probably shed tears？

No．6

W：How do you get to route　22from the airport？

M：Take the airport and immediately get onto route one or naught．Then right way，take the left for route　21and　22and follow the sign for　22．On the corner of the construction，there are several very sharp turns，so be careful．

Q：Why should the woman be careful？

No．7

W：After I move to the city next month，do you think I’ll need a car？

M：A car？That’s crazy，the mass transit in this city is excellent．

W：That’s what I’ve heard．But I’m still not sure what to do．

Q：What will the woman do next month？

No．8

M：She wants to apply for the job，but she is really not qualified．I’m afraid．

W：That’s a pity．She seems bright．So you think we could train her？

Q：Why might the applicant receive on－the－job training？

No．9

M：Honey，let’s go out tonight．There’s a good movie at the Capital Theater that was directed by Mike Leigh．

W：You know I’d love to，but I’m exhausted，and I’m completely overwhelmed，and I still have a whole set of examinations to correct tonight．I’m very stressed out．

Q：What’s the woman’s occupation？

No．10

M：What time is your mother arriving？

W：She was supposed to catch the noon bus，but she missed it．So she plans to take the　3：30which will get her here about dinnertime．

Q：When will the woman’s mother probably arrive？

Section Two

Spot Dictation

Directions：In this section you will hear a passage of about　120words TWICE．The passage is printed on your paper with several words or phrases missing．You must write down the missing words you’ve just heard in the corresponding blanks．

In the Civil Service，only about　200out of　2　000candidates remain after the rest have been knocked out by the Service’s own examinations and interviews lasting two days．Forged certificates，printed in Germany，have been discovered recently．These are not easy to distinguish from the real thing and can be bought at￡25apiece．Degree mills have also become a highly lucrative business．Fake degrees and diplomas，including doctorates，can be obtained at anything from￡20upwards．Often the“universities”and“colleges”selling these attractive bits of parchment operate from sleepy offices．

The second reading．

Section Three

Answering Questions

The Global Vision Project is an international educational multimedia campaign to pro－mote the idea of sustainable civilization as a global goal．It’s designed as a means for individuals and organizations working on global issues to join forces，combine our insights，integrate our area range and deliver our message of the positive future more efficiently to the global public．The project takes a multi－disciplinary approach to the global crisis．It is pro－active，solution－oriented，and involved a participatory planning process that has the creative design and play，from leading thinkers and organizations around the world．The project concerned is universal to bolster an understanding our relationship to each other．The project promotes no political or religious ideology nor does it seek to further the interest of any particular group．It is moved primarily by an awareness of what our people stand to gain from the development of sustainable civilization and of what we all stand to lose if we fail．The project is designed to create a contact of information that can attract the attention of the global public，empower our individuals and organizations to find out what they can do to make difference and provide them with the passion for action．The project itself does not presume to be a solution．It is designed to stimulate people to discover what they can do to make difference．

The second reading．

Part one Listening Comprehension（20points）（中国科学院2005年考博英语听力试题）

Section A（10points）

Directions：In this section you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers．At the end of each conversation，a question will be asked about what was said．The question will be spoken ONLY ONCE．Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine－scoring Answer Sheet．

1．A．He needs more fresh air．　　　　B．He is willing to go out．

C．He is too sick to go out．　　　　　D．He opened the window．

2．A．Their friends．　　　　　　　　　B．Daily activities．

C．Past experiences．　　　　　　　　　D．Historical events．

3．A．To buy a ticket．　　　　　　　　B．To pay a fee．

C．To pay back a debt．　　　　　　　　D．To buy a gift．

4．A．Give information．　　　　　　　 B．State preferences．

C．Ask permission．　　　　　　　　　　D．Attract attention．

5．A．In a gymnasium．　　　　　　　　 B．In an art exhibition．

C．In a shop．　　　　　　　　　　　　　D．In a hotel．

6．A．19dollars each．　　　　　　　　　B．38dollars each．

C．30dollars altogether．　　　　　　　 D．36dollars altogether．

7．A．Jack is a gentleman．　　　　　　 B．Jack does everything right．

C．Jack is a desirable husband．　　　　D．Jack behaves immaturely sometimes．

8．A．It was remarkable to both the man and the woman．

B．It was not suitable for the woman．

C．The man hated this kind of movie．

D．The woman complained about its quality．

9．A．See how much the jacket is．

B．See if the jacket there is blue．

C．See if there is a cell phone in the jacket．

D．See if there was anything turned in this morning．

10．A．The man has caught a cold．

B．The woman was caught in a rainstorm．

C．The weather forecast was inaccurate．

D．It rained very heavily．

Section B(10points)

Directions：In this section you will hear three short talks．At the end of each talk，there will be a few questions．Both the talk and the questions will be read to you ONLY ONCE．After each question，there will be a pause．During the pause，you must choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine－scoring Answer Sheet．

Questions　11～13are based on Talk　1．

11．A．Language comes from physical labor．

B．Language learning is a long－term endeavor．

C．Language reflects history．

D．Language study is very important．

12．A．Constructing a wheel．　　　　B．Making a choice．

C．Coming back．　　　　　　　　　　　D．Turning around．

13．A．The overthrow of a class．　　B．The overthrow of a tyrant．

C．The overthrow of a belief．　　　　D．The overthrow of an act．

Questions　14～17are based on Talk　2．

14．A．It’s a wonderful idea．

B．It’s not a smart thing to do．

C．It’s too difficult to put into practice．

D．It’s interesting to the decision maker．

15．A．Telling people about your degrees．

B．Promising that you will make good achievements．

C．Introducing your job responsibilities．

D．Talking about the needs of the potential employer．

16．A．The results which your potential boss wants to gain with your assistance．

B．The results of making more money on an international market．

C．The results that the employer has seen in the past．

D．The results that your potential boss does not want to see．

17．A．Proving that you are capable of doing the job．

B．Seeking the position that is not too high or too low for you．

C．Insisting that experience is more important than knowledge．

D．Claiming that you are better than any other applicant．

Questions　18～20are based on Talk　3．

18．A．They exercise dogs twice a day．

B．They learn how to be responsible for dogs．

C．They encourage dogs to go for long walks．

D．They like dogs too much to care about other things．

19．A．Working for the police．　　　B．Relaxing with other dogs．

C．Protecting businesses．　　　　　　D．Guiding the blind．

20．A．Dogs ride in public transport．

B．Dogs bite their owners when in a rage．

C．Vehicles run over stray dogs．

D．People always keep dogs on leads．

参考答案

Section A

1．A；2．C；3．D；4．A；5．C；6．A；7．C；8．B；9．B；10．D

Section B

11．C；12．D；13．C；14．B；15．D；16．A；17．A；18．B；19．D；20．C

听力原文

Part One Listening Comprehension（20points）

Section A

1．M：Mary，do you mind if I open the window？

W：What for？

M：Well，you see，it’s a bit stuffy in here and I’ve got a bit of a headache．

W：Yes，sure，go ahead．

Q：What do we learn about the man？

（Pause　00′15″）

2．M：You’ve probably been to Italy quite often，haven’t you？

W：Yes，I remember quite clearly that I went there for short visits in　1993 and　1994．

M：Whereabouts did you go？

W：As far as I can remember，I visited Rome in　1993and Venice in　1994—or was it the other way round？I can’t remember exactly．

Q：What are the speakers talking about？

（Pause　00′15″）

3．W：Hello．You know it’s our teacher’s birthday tomorrow．Well，we’re collecting money to buy him a present from the class．

M：What a nice idea！Here’s　2dollars—is that enough？

W：Oh yes，that’s fine．Thanks very much．

Q：Why did the man give the woman　2dollars？

（Pause　00′15″）

4．W：Could you tell me something about accommodation in Bournemouth？

M：Yes，you have a choice of staying in a hotel—from a five－star luxury hotel down to a simple bed－and－breakfast place or staying with an English family．

W：I see，but what’s bed－and－breakfast？

M：It’s also called B＆B．They only provide you with a room and breakfast so it’s cheaper．

Q：What does the man do in the conversation？

（Pause　00′15″）

5．W：These are new arrivals．What size are you looking for？

M：Large，please．Oh！The brown one．Brown becomes me most．

W：Here you are．The fitting room is just over there．

Q：Where does the conversation take place？

（Pause　00′15″）

6．M：Mom，“Chicago”will be on next Saturday．Can you give Daisy and me　38 dollars for the admission？

W：38dollars for two？That’s a lot of money．

M：Just this once，Mom．Please．It’s our favourite one．Sure you don’t want us to miss it．

Q：How much are the tickets？

（Pause　00′15″）

7．M：Jenny，I heard you’re going out with Jack，but what do you like about him？

W：Well，he’s gentle，patient，successful，and mature．I think he’s my Mr．Right！

Q：What does the woman mean？

（Pause　00′15″）

8．M：Oh，Jane，I enjoyed the movie，but I should have checked to see if you like romance movies．

W：No problem．The quality is very good．But I guess I’m just not the romantic type．

Q：What can be inferred about the movie？

（Pause　00′15″）

9．M：Excuse me，Madam．I haven’t seen my blue jacket since yesterday．I left it in the classroom and it has a cell phone in it．I hope someone’s turned it in．

W：Yeah，I remember there was a jacket turned in this morning，but I’m not sure about the color．Wait a minute and let me check．

Q：What will the woman probably do？

（Pause　00′15″）

10．W：Wow，you look like a drowned rat！Didn’t you know there’s a thunderstorm today？

M：I knew there would be a shower，but I didn’t realize it would rain cats and dogs today．

W：Well，you’d better take a hot shower right now，or you’ll catch a cold．

Q：What do we learn from the conversation？

（Pause　00′15″）

Section B

Questions　11～13are based on Talk　1．

Talk　1

Language is the road map of a culture．It tells you where its people come from and where they are going．A study of the English language reveals a dramatic history and astonishing creativity．

One word can illustrate this idea of meaning in flux：“revolution”．The word enters English in the　14th century from the Latin via French．“Revolution”means a turning around；that was how it was used．Most often“revolution”was applied to astronomy to describe a planet revolving in space．The word carried no political meaning．

“Revolution”did not acquire a political meaning in English until at least the　16th century．Its meaning—a circular movement—was still tied to its origin but had spilled over into politics．It could now mean a turnabout in power．This is more complicated than you might think．

By　1796 a shift occurred and“revolution”had come to mean the rebellion or overthrow of tyrants．So we had the American Revolution，which discarded George M out of the Colonies，and the French Revolution，which gave us the murder of Louis ⅩⅥ and the scene of a nation devouring itself．If you’re a Marxist you can recast that to mean one class destroying another．

By the time“revolution”was developing into the word we know today—not just the overthrow of a tyrant but action based on belief in a new principle．Revolution became a political idea，not just a political act．

Questions：

11．What is the speaker’s idea about language？

（Pause　00′15″）

12．What did the word“revolution”originally mean？

（Pause　00′15″）

13．Which meaning shows the latest development of the word“revolution”？

（Pause　00′15″）

Questions　14～17are based on Talk　2．

Talk　2

How do you sell yourself in an interview or in a letter？If you’re smart，you don’t sell yourself．You just persuade．

I see people trying to sell themselves all the time，talking on and on about where they worked，job responsibilities and degrees．This might be interesting to you，and important，but it will not get the decision maker’s attention．

If you want to motivate someone，reveal information in a way that not only influences how that person sees you but also gets him sitting on the edge of his chair waiting to hear more．

There are several key steps to persuading．The first step is to address the customer’s needs．Your customer is a potential employer．So，in this step，you demonstrate you understand the customer’s needs，issues or problems．Obviously，you have to know what those are．You can figure this out by thinking about why the position you’re applying for exists．

When you understand their needs，you’re reducing their anxiety．As a job hunter，you’re proposing that your skills and expertise are what they need to solve their problem．

The next step is to focus on the outcomes or results your potential boss wants to achieve．You need to explain how he will see results by investing in your services．For ex－ample，you can help him expand the company’s sales territory，which could result in so many millions of dollars．Focus on their gain to get their commitment．

Another important step in persuasion is to prove you can do what you say you can do．This is where you talk about your skills，knowledge and relevant examples from experience．

If your talk doesn’t address the most important issue that motivates someone to buy—resolving a problem—you’re wasting your breath．

Questions：

14．What does the speaker think of selling oneself in an interview？

（Pause　00′15″）

15．What is the first step in persuading one’s potential employer？

（Pause　00′15″）

16．What“results”does the speaker refer to when he says“to focus on the outcomes or results”？

（Pause　00′15″）

17．According to the speaker，which of the following is important for a job hunter？

（Pause　00′15″）

Questions　18～20are based on Talk　3．

Talk　3

In the UK there are six million dogs，most of which are much－loved domestic pets．A dog is the most popular animal to have as a pet．They are easily trained and many families would not be without one．

It is considered a good thing for children to have pets；to learn to take care of them，be responsible for them and relax with them．A dog has to be exercised twice a day and en－courage people to go for long，healthy walks．

Older people，often living alone，get companionship from a dog．Dogs are considered faithful friends，waiting for their owner’s returning footsteps，depending on them for food and exercise and very important，protecting the home from intruders．Of course，dogs are used for other purposes such as protecting business premises，and as guides for the blind．The work that trained guide dog for a blind person is invaluable．

However，there are some more unpleasant aspects of dogs in society．A recent report claims that they are responsible for thousands of infections and bites．Homeless dogs also cause many road accidents by rushing in front of cars and other vehicles．They also pollute streets，parks and beaches with urine and shits．

Doctors have called for stricter control over dogs as the public health risk rises．Homeless dogs should be put down；dogs should be allowed in public places only on leads．In addition，there should be an educational campaign to make people realize the problems as well as the benefits of keeping dogs．Health hazards should be fully under－stood．

Questions：

18．What do children achieve with dogs in the UK according to the speaker？

（Pause　00′15″）

19．What is referred to by the speaker as“invaluable work”？

（Pause　00′15″）

20．What does the speaker mention as one of the problems of dogs in society？

（Pause　00′15″）

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