如何撰写材料和方法

一、材料和方法的主要内容

材料和方法,即“Materials and methods”,它是论文科学性的基础,是提供科学性研究的依据。

现以发表在《Oncology Nursing Forum》杂志2012年第39卷的一篇论文为例进行分析。

Title:Predicting Fear of Breast Cancer Recurrence and Self-Efficacy in Survivors by Age at Diagnosis

(一)研究对象

This study used a cross-sectional survey design to collect data within a larger breast cancer survivor quality-of-life study.…Recruitement proceeded according to Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 guide- lines after Indian University-Purdue University Indianapolis institutional review board approval.Current healthcare pro- vides asked eligible survivors if they were willing to be ap- proached by the study staff.If survivors agreed,healthcare providers sent survivors’contact information to the study staff.Written informed consent was obtained.

护理临床研究的对象主要是患者,在使用患者的资料时,需得到患者的同意,并通过伦理委员会批准。对于护理论文,涉及临床疗效观察的研究相对较多,则要说明病例选择的标准、病例的一般资料、分组原则与样本分配方法、疗效观察指标等。

(二)实验方法

Several instruments were used to measure variables hypothesized to affect fear of recurrence.All instruments were tested for content validity by five quality-of-life researchers and three clinical breast cancer experts…Demographic variables,including age at diagnosis,were measured by questions asked as part of the cross-sectional survey.

护理科研论文有其特殊性,常使用特别的方法,如问卷调查法、观察法、访谈法、生物医学测量法等。本文主要采用访谈法及生物医学测量法进行研究。

(三)统计学分析

SPSS,version 14,was used for all analyses.Independent sample tests were used to compare differences in fear of recurrence among younger and older survivors.Multiple linear regression analyses were used to test the association between each variable and fear of recurrence while adjusting for the effects of other variables.The full sample of 1128 was available for the independent test.

统计学处理是“材料和方法”中必不可少的内容,在这里要说明所使用的统计学方法。本文主要使用SPSS软件对数据进行t检验分析。国际上常用的统计软件有:SAS、SPSS、BMDP等。

二、材料和方法中的小标题

在护理英文论文中,绝大部分都分出了小标题,以上面这篇文章为例,作者在“材料和方法”部分列了三个小标题:①Design and Sample;②Data Collection;③Instruments;④Data Analysis。这样既可以使文章显得有层次感,又可以方便读者阅读。

三、撰写材料和方法注意事项

1.清楚准确地描述材料。

2.使用已建立的方法,要引用文献。

3.注意描述材料和方法时的时态,应该用过去时。

4.简要说明使用的统计学方法,无需过细解释统计学程序。