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抗失巢凋亡

时间:2022-06-20 百科知识 版权反馈
【摘要】:一项为寻找抗失巢凋亡的蛋白的功能筛选实验表明,神经营养受体TRKB是一个关键的调控者。大鼠肠内上皮细胞对脱离接触而诱导的失巢凋亡非常敏感且不形成肿瘤,但是转染TRKB后,它们形成肿瘤的能力大大增强并同时通过淋巴和血管转移,甚至可以破坏骨质。TRKB在人类恶性肿瘤中经常过表达,且在大肠癌中存在突变。

播散需要细胞与基质或细胞与细胞的接触脱离。在正常条件下,细胞与基质或细胞与细胞的接触被破坏时将启动凋亡程序。失巢凋亡(anoikis)是一种特殊的凋亡形式,当正常细胞处于悬浮状态时该程序启动,该凋亡程序可以保护组织器官免受其他来源的悬浮细胞的侵犯。因此,转移的细胞在其他部位播散和克隆形成的过程中必须具备抗凋亡和失巢凋亡的能力。许多研究表明一些重要的凋亡调节因子在转移过程中被降解,这些失调带来多方面的影响:存活信号通路的激活(如PI3激酶-AKT),基质金属蛋白酶(可下调死亡受体,释放生长因子和调节细胞外基质以利于侵袭)的上调,抗凋亡蛋白(BCL-2BCL-XL)或FAK的过表达以及p53的失活等。一项为寻找抗失巢凋亡的蛋白的功能筛选实验表明,神经营养受体TRKB是一个关键的调控者。大鼠肠内上皮细胞对脱离接触而诱导的失巢凋亡非常敏感且不形成肿瘤,但是转染TRKB后,它们形成肿瘤的能力大大增强并同时通过淋巴血管转移,甚至可以破坏骨质。TRKB在人类恶性肿瘤中经常过表达,且在大肠癌中存在突变。TRKB的激活还通过缺氧诱导因子(hypoxia inducible factorHIF1α诱导血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factorVEGF)的表达,辅助肿瘤在其他部位克隆的建立及血管生成。

(赵雪莲 詹启敏)

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