秦始皇陵墓实景

The Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor

现在我们就要进入秦始皇陵，我先为大家简单介绍一下秦始皇。

秦始皇姓嬴名政，13岁继承王位，22岁亲政，公元前221年39岁时兼并六国，建立了中国历史上第一个封建王朝。

秦始皇认为他自己功盖三皇，德过五帝，故合用“皇帝”二字以自称。另外，他认为秦朝万世基业是从他开始首创的，故称自己为始皇帝。

秦始皇继承皇位后，立即为自己修筑陵墓，以确保自己永远平安。公元前221年，他统一六国后，立即从全国各地征调70余万刑徒加紧修造陵墓，前后历时37年才告完工。

公元前246年，秦始皇继位之初便开始修陵。第一阶段为公元前246年至公元前221年，第二阶段为公元前221年至公元前210年，第三阶段为始皇帝死后葬骊山到公元前209年9月。因农民起义之故，陵园没有修完就被迫停工。

秦始皇陵位于骊山脚下，距西安35千米。陵园原来有内、外两城。陵墓原高120米，由于2 000多年的风雨剥蚀和人为破坏，陵现高46米。

秦始皇陵园的建筑布局像一幅理想的宫城图。它有高大的封土和内外两重城垣。陵墓位于内城的南半部，北部是寝殿、便殿等地面宫殿建筑区，封土西边是铜车马坑。

那么，秦始皇陵园到底有多大呢？

秦始皇陵园的范围，依据17年考古所得的资料，现已基本确定。其陵园范围，南起骊山北麓的陈窑村，北抵零塬的北畔，东到代王的石滩张村，西达赵背户、姚池头一带。东西南北各长7.5千米，总面积为56.25平方千米。秦始皇陵的文物极其丰富，除现已发掘出的兵马俑及彩绘铜车马外，陵墓周围到处堆积着秦砖、秦瓦，不但数量多，而且形式多样。

据《史记》记载，秦始皇陵的墓室非常宏大。其中设有百官座次的大殿，有象征中国大地的模型。秦始皇的棺木以铜铸成，秦始皇陵地宫里布满了宫殿及楼台亭阁的模型；藏满了各种奇珍异宝；为了防止陵墓被盗，还安装了能自动发射的暗箭；工匠们还用水银做出能够流动的江河湖海如黄河、长江等以象征大地；墓顶用珍珠、宝石制作出日月星辰以象征天体；用鲸鱼膏点的灯可以长明不灭。

据考古发现，秦始皇陵地宫未曾被盗。随着科学技术的发展，特别是考古技术的进步，秦始皇陵地宫宝库必将重见天日。届时一定会在世界考古界引起巨大的轰动。那么就让我们一起期待吧。接着让我们一起去游览一下杨贵妃所喜爱的华清池，看看有没有什么美容秘籍吧。

Now we will enter the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor，but first I want to make a brief introduction about the First Qin Emperor.

The First Qin Emperor（259－210 BC），otherwise known as Emperor Ying Zheng，came to the throne of the Qin State at 13，and seized the helm of the state at 22.By 221 BC，when he was only 39 years old，he had annexed the six rival principalities and established the first feudal empire in Chinese history.

The First Emperor of the Qin Dynasty thought that the achievement he made exceeded those con tributed by San“Huang”and Wu“Di”，so he styled himself as“Huangdi”（emperor）by putting the two words“Huang”and“Di”together.Furthermore，he thought that the unified country he created would last for a long，long time to come.As the creator of the unified country，he naturally addressed him self as“Shi Huangdi”（the beginning emperor）.

As soon as he ascended the throne，Ying Zheng ordered that a magnificent mausoleum be built for him to ensure him an everlasting peaceful sleep.After he seized the power of the Qin in 221 BC，more than 700 000 conscripts were gathered from all parts of the country to work on his mausoleum.In fact，it took 37 years to complete the project.

In 246 BC when the First Emperor of Qin just came to the throne he started the construction of his mausoleum.The first stage of its construction lasted from246－221 BC.The se－cond stage of the project was from221－210 BC，and the third stage was after the passing away of the emperor in September 209 BC.The construction of the tomb was left unfinished because of the outbreak of peasant uprisings.

The Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor is located at the foot of Mount Lishan，about 35 kilometers east of Xi'an.It used to be surround－ed by an inner wall and an outer one.It was originally 120 meters high.But over 2 000 years of erosion by wind and rain plus human destruction has reduced it to a height of 46 meters.

The structure of the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor looks like an ideal picture of an imperial palace.It has a large and high award land，and inner and outer city wall.The Mausoleum lies on the south side of the inner city.To the north are the palaces，such as the Sleeping Palace and Side Palace.There are bronze chariots and horses to the west of the award land.

How large is it？

Based on materials gained from archeological findings of the last 17 years we have come to know how large an area the Mausoleum of the First Emperor of Qin covers.It is located with an area that begins from the northern foothill of the Lishan Mountain in the south to the northern border of the Lingyuan highlands at the north，and from Shitanzhang Village in the east to the area of Zhaobeihu and Yaochitou to the west.The distance between the east and west and between the north and south is 7.5 kilometers and the tomb area occupies a total space of 56.25 square kilometers.The Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor is rich in cultural artifacts.Besides the terracotta army and the painted bronze chariots and horses，there are numerous Qin bricks and tiles of every description around the Mausoleum.

According to the Shi Ji（Records of the Histori an），the tomb－cavity of the First Qin Emperor occu pies a large area.Set up inside the tomb there's grand hall for granting audiences to officials，a mod el representing the vast territory of China.Sima Qian recorded that the outer coffin was cast in mol ten copper，and the burial chamber was complete with palaces，halls and towers.Fine utensils，pre cious stones and other valuable relics were every where.Automatic crossbows were fixed to protect the tomb from robbers，mercury lakes and water ways were built to represent the Yellow River，the Yangtze River and even the vast ocean.The ceiling was decorated with pearls and gems to symbolize the celestial bodies，including the sun and the moon.The entire underground palace was presuma bly，brightly lit by whale oil lamps.

According to the archaeological survey，the burial chamber has not been plundered or broken into.With advances in technology，especially archaeological technology，all the underground treasures will come to light.It will unarguably create a sensation in the field of archaeology all over the world.Next we will visit Huaqing Pool，which is named after a famous imperial concubine，Yang Yuhuan.Let's look for some secrets of her beautiful appearance.

快乐旅途

两个可怜的游客

Two Poor Travelers

一位游客在森林中迷了路。直到第三天他才遇到另外一个人。他说：“谢天谢地！我花了三天时间才找到你！”

“但是，”另外一个人答道，“我在这徘徊了10天了，仍然没有找到走出森林的路。”

A traveler lost his way in the forest.It was not until the third day that he met a man for the first time.He greeted the man excitedly，“Thank God.It has taken me three days to find you！”

“But，”answered the other man，“I have been wandering in the forest for ten days and have not found the way out of the forest.”