秦人原是活动在今甘肃天水一带的部族。公元前770年，秦襄公被周平王封为诸侯，在今陕西凤翔县建立雍城，作为都城。这里展出的文物，多出土于秦雍城遗址。
公元前350年，秦国迁都咸阳。秦始皇继位后，在10年时间内先后吞并六国，建立了我国历史上第一个统一、多民族、中央集权制的封建国家——秦。秦都咸阳的宫殿规模空前。考古工作者在咸阳发掘了一号和三号宫殿，发现了大批珍贵文物。这是阿房宫一号宫殿复原图。这张照片上的壁画残块是在三号宫殿遗址发现的，是我国已知最早的壁画实物。
这里还展出秦始皇陵及其兵马俑坑中发现的各式兵器、兵马俑、巨型瓦当、铜马车等，集中展示出秦王朝在军事、经济、科技、文化等方面所达到的前所未有的高度。
The Qin people were an ancient tribal clan that used to live in Tianshui，Gansu Province.In 770 BC，King Ping of the Zhou Dynasty bestowed a favor on Qin Xianggong and appointed him an imperial duke.Later，Qin Xianggong established Yongcheng as his own capital in the present－day Fengxiang County，Shaanxi Province.The artifacts on display here were excavated from Yongcheng.
In 350 BC，the Qin Kingdom relocated its capital to Xianyang.After the First Qin Emperor rose to power，he annexed all the six kingdoms in ten years，and founded the first multi－national，autocratic and centralized feudal empire in Chinese history.When the Qin Dynasty came into existence，Xianyang，the capital of the Qin Empire，witnessed the construction of many magnificent palaces.Archaeologists have unearthed No.1 and No.3 Palaces in Xianyang and discovered large quantities of valuable cultural artifacts.This is a picture of the restored Palace No.1，E'pang Palace.This picture shows the fragments of a mural painting disco－vered in the ruins of Palace No.3.
The various weapons，terracotta warriors and horses，tile ends and bronze chariots and horses dis covered in the First Qin Emperor's Mausoleum on display in this exhibition hall show the unprecedented prosperity and progress of the Qin Dynasty in its mili tary affairs，economy，science and technology and culture.
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