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的政策保障措施

时间:2022-06-10 百科知识 版权反馈
【摘要】:7.5.3 CDM的政策保障措施科学加强CDM项目开发能力建设。由于我国减排压力不断增大,因此,需要合理确定CDM机制实施的减排空间,以便履行我国自身的减排责任。建立人才考核制度,使CDM开发人员持证上岗。清洁发展机制是控制温室气体排放的市场机制,国际市场竞争激烈,中国政府有关部门应分行业、分项目类型加强指导,帮助中国企业积极参与清洁发展机制国际竞争。7.2 阐述CDM的内涵及主要特征。

7.5.3 CDM的政策保障措施

(1)科学加强CDM项目开发能力建设。由于我国减排压力不断增大,因此,需要合理确定CDM机制实施的减排空间,以便履行我国自身的减排责任。此外,CDM项目申请需要经济、法律、技术、工程和外语等方面的高素质人才,因此,亟须培养一批专业化、年轻化的CDM项目开发人才,促进CDM项目的系统化开发,提高项目注册的成功率,取得更为良好的收益。同时,应积极加强同中介咨询机构的合作,努力为企业提供中介服务,指导单边项目企业寻找温室气体减排量购买方;拓宽国际温室气体减排量购买渠道,为核准减排量采取较高的价格和较为优惠的贸易条件;并可以通过对CDM项目打包开发来降低核准的成本和时间,加快开发的进度,达到项目开发的规模经济效益(130)

(2)确立国内的CDM市场规范。目前,在《办法》中对项目参与方,特别是对咨询机构和中介机构的资质并无明文要求和行为规范,但随着CDM项目在我国实践的深入,迫切需要对项目参与方的资质给予明确规定,以保证国内业主的利益和市场运作的规范。比如,建立健全的CDM管理制度,整顿CDM咨询机构,建立资质系统,给具备一定实力和条件的公司开展CDM咨询业务颁发资格证书。建立人才考核制度,使CDM开发人员持证上岗。建立中介机构淘汰体制,如果一个中介机构申请的项目大多数没有注册成功,可取消其资质;同时加强培训,增强咨询机构和中介机构的实力和业务水平(131)

(3)加强对清洁发展机制项目的规划和指导。清洁发展机制是控制温室气体排放的市场机制,国际市场竞争激烈,中国政府有关部门应分行业、分项目类型加强指导,帮助中国企业积极参与清洁发展机制国际竞争。

(4)积极扶持清洁发展机制项目开发和审查咨询服务机构,允许为项目开发提供咨询服务的机构按照市场规律从项目成功开发中获得收益,激励咨询服务机构提供优质、高效、专业的服务,加快清洁发展机制项目开发。清洁发展机制程序复杂,执行理事会大约每两个月左右就要开一次会,对方法学、项目文件标准格式、审批程序等不断修改完善,项目开发者必须不断跟踪才能保证开发出合格的项目。而且,由于清洁发展机制是国际间合作,英语语言能力和国际合作经验必不可少,因此,除了少数大型企业以外,国内大部分企业不具备独立开发能力,需要有能力的专业咨询服务机构帮助。而清洁发展机制项目开发成功与否有很多因素,咨询服务机构的服务质量非常关键却又难以考核,将咨询服务机构的收益与项目的开发风险适当关联,是督促优质高效咨询服务的最佳选择(132)

(5)加强政府对开展清洁发展机制的服务引导。清洁发展机制是一种特殊商品的交易,既具有常规商品交易的市场风险,又需要国内、国际行政审批,对《气候变化公约》和《京都议定书》以及世界各国的政策和态度很敏感,项目参与单位不可控风险大。国家有关部门应利用掌握的国内外信息和公共部门公信优势,经常举办人员培训、信息交流,为清洁发展机制发展提供引导服务(133)

复习思考题7

7.1 阐述低碳经济、碳足迹、碳中和的概念?其对减缓全球气候变化控制的重要意义是什么?

7.2 阐述CDM的内涵及主要特征。

7.3 如何开展碳排放量核算?

【注释】

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