第三节 “得”字句的翻译
得字句是由“得”字放在动词前或者附在动词或形容词后面构成的汉语句子。置于动词前的“得”主要表示“必须”的含义；放在动词或形容词后面的“得”可以表示：必须、能力、可能性、结果或程度。现将常用“得”字句的翻译方法分述如下：
一、表示必须的“得”字句的翻译
这种“得”字句中的肯定句可翻译成“must/should/have to +verb”；否定句（“不得”）则可翻译成“mustn’t +verb”或用正反翻译法。
1.天要下雨了，我得走了。
It’s going to rain,and I must/have to be off now.
2.周五前你得交上作业。
You have to hand in your assignment before Friday.
3.这事放松不得。
This matter must be paid close attention to.
二、表示能力或可能性的“得”字句的翻译
这种“得”字句的翻译可利用英语的情态动词“can/could/to be able to”或以“-able/-bile”结尾的相关形容词及其短语，如“to be capable of”等。
1.这个礼堂能坐得下1 500人吗？
Can this auditorium hold 1,500 people?
2.他看得出两者的差别。
He was able to see the difference between the two.
3.论唱歌谁能比得上他？
Who can match him in singing?
4.这些星星是肉眼能看得见的。
These stars are visible to the naked eyes.
5.这消息靠得住吗？
Is the information reliable?
6.我们都认为他是可以信得过的。
We all think him credible.
7.他们什么事情都干得出来。
They are capable of anything.
8.他能搬得动这块石头吗？
Is he capable of moving this rock?
三、表示结果或程度的“得”字句的翻译
这种“得”字句的翻译可利用英语的“so...that”、“so...as to...”、“such...that”、“too...for...”、“too...to...”、“enough to...”、“enough for...”、“and”连接的并列句结构，含有复合谓语的被动结构，“动词+后置状语”的结构，以及“till/until+状语从句”的结构。
1.他高兴得睡不着觉。
He was so excited that he could not fall asleep.
2.他说得太快，我们几乎完全听不出他说了些什么。
He spoke so fast that few of us could catch what he said.
3.我们动身得早，午前就赶到那里了。
We started so early as to get there before noon.
4.他常常高兴得什么都忘了。
He is often so happy as to forget everything.
5.天气热得大家喘不过气来。
It was such a hot weather that people were out of breath.
6.我们喊得声音很大，人们立刻前来援救。
We raised such a cry that help came at once.
7.恐怕事情已经闹得不可收拾了。
I’m afraid things have gone too far to be set right.
8.我解释过，可他就是糊涂得不懂这个理儿。
I have explained it in detail,but he is too stupid to understand such a truth.
9.这水脏得不能喝。
The water is too dirty for drinking.
10.这些工具旧得不能再用了。
These tools are too old for further use.
11.天气暖和得可以游泳了。
It’s warm enough to swim now.
12.他身体壮得可以干这件重活。
He is strong enough for this heavy work.
13.“万恶淫为首”这句话像鼓槌一样打得他全身发抖。
The text“ Of all the vices sexual indulgence is the cardinal.”drummed on his mind,and he shuddered.
14.他的歌声引起了观众的哄笑，他便羞愧得赶忙离开了赛场。
His singing made the audience burst out laughing.He felt ashamed and left the competition hurriedly.
15.他被打得遍体鳞伤。
He was beaten black and blue.
16.院子每天都扫得干干净净。
The courtyard is swept clean every day.
17.他样样工作都做得很不错。
He does all his work very well.
18.日程安排得很合适。
The schedule was arranged in a practical way.
19.他笑得肚子疼。
He laughed till his sides split.
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